¬I¨Î§»¡B³¢µØ¤¯ 1999 ¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªºTTCÀˬdªk¡C´Óª«ºØ­] 1: 47-56¡C

Shie, C.H. and W.H.J. Kuo 1999 Tetrazoloium Test for the Seed of Carica papaya L. Seed and Nursery (Taiwan) 1: 47-56.

¡@

Tetrazoloium Test for the Seed of Carica papaya L.

Chia Hong Shie1¡^ and Warren H.J. Kuo2¡^

Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 107, Taiwan.

1¡^Present address: Taiwan Tea Experiment Station, Taoyaun, Taiwan.

2¡^Corresponding author.

¡@

SUMMARY

Non-dormant papaya seeds subjected to different accelerated-aging levels are used to evaluate the pattern of the TTC-stained embryo. The procedure of TTC testing for papaya seeds is proposed as follow: Soak the seeds in water over night, then remove the testa and endosperm. Stain the de-coated embryo by 0.5% TTC solution at 37.5¢J for 3 hours. Twelve categories are sorted out from the patterns of TTC staining.  (fig 1)  Halve of the embryo of a seed lot which containing only 2.5% viable seeds stained red, which deviate from viable one only by a slightly tint of opaque.  (fig 2)   The viability status of each category is determined by the calculation of minimum root mean square method.  (table 1) The criteria for the evaluation of staining pattern thus determined predict the germination percentage of papaya seeds of different sources and cultivars accurately.  (table 2)  In order to harmonize with the ISTA rules, it is suggested that, the maximum area of unsuccessful staining for a viable papaya seed to be 1/3 radicle, with a remark that the red colour with an opaque or glassy appearance should be considered as dead.

Key Words: Carica papaya L., seed, TTC, TZ test

¡@

¤ì ¥Ê ºØ ¤l ªº TTC ÀË ¬d ªk

¬I¨Î§»1¡^¡B³¢µØ¤¯2¡^

¥x¥_¥« °ê¥ß¥xÆW¤j¾Ç ¹AÃÀ¾Ç¨t

1¡^²{¥ô®ç¶é®H¤ß¯ù·~§ï¨}³õ§U²z

2¡^³q°T§@ªÌ

¡@

¥Î¤£¦P¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æµ{«×ªº¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lÂç©wTTC¬V¦âµ²ªGªº¬ã§P¡CÀËÅçµ{§Ç«Øij¦p¤U¡GºØ¤l¸g25¢J®û¤ô¹j©]«á¡A¥h°£¾ã­ÓºØ¥Ö¤Î­F¨Å¡C»r­F¥H0.5¢MTTC·»²G©ó37.5¢J¬V¦â3¤p®É¡F­F¸gTTC¬V¦â«á¥i¤ÀÃþ¬°12ºØ¬V¦â«¬¦¡¡C¬¡²v³Ì§C¡]2.5%¡^ªº¼Ë«~´X¥G¦³¤@¥bªººØ¤l¥i¥H¬V¦¨¬õ¦â¡A¤£¹L¸Óµ¥¬õ¦â²¤¨ã¯»¬õ¤£³z©ú·P¡C¥H³Ì¤p®Ú§¡¤èªk¨D¥X¬V¦â«¬¦¡ªº¬ã§P·Ç«h¡C¸g¥Ñ®Ú§¡¤èªk©Ò½T¥ßªº¬V¦âµû¦ô·Ç«h¯àºë½T¦a¹w´ú¤£¦P¨Ó·½¤Î¤£¦P«~ºØªº¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªºµoªÞ²v¡C¥»³ø§i«Øij¡A¨Ì·ÓISTAºØ¤lÀˬd³W«hªº®æ¦¡¡A¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lTTCÀËÅ窺¬ã§P·Ç«h¬O¡G¥i®e³\ªº¬V¦â¥¢±Ñ³Ì¤j½d³ò¬°­F®Ú®Ú¦y1/3¡A©Ò¬Vªº¬õ¦â­Y±a¯»¬õ¤£³z©ú·P©Î¤ô¬Á¼þ·P¡A«h¬°¦ººØ¤l¡C

ÃöÁäµü¡G¤ì¥Ê¡BºØ¤l¡BTTC¡BTZªk

¡@

¡@

¡@

¡@

«e ¨¥

¤ì¥Ê¡]Carica papaya L.¡^¬°§Ú°ê­«­n¸gÀÙªG¾ð¤§¤@¡A³q±`¥HºØ¤lÁc´Þ¡A¦]¦¹ºû«ùºØ¤l°ª«~½èªº­n¨D¬Æ¹d¡CºØ¤l«~½èªº´ú©w¥HµoªÞ²vªº´ú©w¬°¥D¡CµM¦Ó¡A¥Ñ©ó¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l±`¨ã¥ð¯v©Ê¡AµoªÞ¸ÕÅ窺µ²ªG¥i¯à§C¦ôºØ¤lªº¦s¬¡²v¡F¦¹¥~¡A¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªºµoªÞ¸ÕÅç±`»Ý­n¤T¶g¥H¤W¡A¦b»Ý­n§Ö³t±oª¾Àˬdµ²ªG®É¡AµLªk§@¬°¦³®Äªº´úÅç¤èªk¡C

§Q¥ÎTTC©ÎTZªk¡]Tetrazolium test¡^ÀËÅçºØ¤lµoªÞ¯à¤O¤w¼sªxÀ³¥Î©ó¦hºØ´Óª«¡CÀ³¥ÎTTCªk¦b¹w´úºØ¤l¦s¬¡²v»P¹ê»ÚµoªÞ²v¤§¶¡½T¦³©úÅã¬ÛÃö©Ê¦s¦b¡A¥B¤w´¶¹MÀ³¥Î©ó³\¦h¹AÃÀ¡A¶éÃÀ¤ÎªL¤ìºØ¤l¡]ISTA, 1993¡^¡C¦¹ªkªº­ì²z¬O¬¡²Ó­M¤º²æ²Bú@¬¡©Ê¯à±NµL¦âªº´â¤Æ¥|Ðü¡]tetrazolium chloride¡^Á٭즨¤£·»©ó¤ôªº¬õ¦â¨I¾ý¤§¤Æ¦Xª«formazan¡Aformazan¤£¯àº¯¥X²Ó­M¥~¡A¦]¦¹¦º¤`²Ó­M¤¤«h¤´ºû«ù¬°µL¦â¡C¨Ì¾Ú­F¤Î­F¨Å¬V¦âªº¤À§G³¡¦ì¤ÎÃC¦â²`²L¡A§Y¥i§P©wºØ¤lªº¦s¬¡²v¡]§õ¡A1983¡FMoore, 1985¡^¡A¦Ó¤£¨ü¥ð¯vªº­­¨î¡C

ºØ¤lªºTTCÀËÅçªk¤w¦¨¬°­Y¤zºØ¤lªº¨Ò¦æÀˬd¶µ¥Ø¡A¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N¤@¯ëªºµoªÞ¸ÕÅç¡]³¢¡A1990¡^¡A§Y«K¦b§Ú°ê¡A¤]¦­´N¦³¸Ô²Óªº¤Þ¤¶¡]¦p¡G§º¡A1964¡F§õ¡A1983¡^¡FµM¦Ó¡A¦¹¤èªk¦b§Ú°êºØ¤l¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¸û¤£¦h¨£¡AºØ¤lÀˬd³æ¦ì¨´¤µ¤]©|¥¼±Ä¯Ç¬°Àˬdªº¶µ¥Ø¡C

¦UºØºØ¤lTTCªkªº¾Þ§@¨BÆJ¡A¦]¤£¦P´Óª«¦Ó²§¡A¬V¦â«á¦º¬¡ªº§P©w·Ç«h¥ç¦U¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡]ISTA, 1993¡^¡C¥Ñ©ó¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l©|µL¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¥i´`¡A¦]¦¹¥»¬ã¨sÀÀ°w¹ï¬V¦âªºµ{§Ç¤Î§P§O·Ç«h¥[¥H±´°Q¡A¥H´Á´£¥X¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªºTTCÀËÅçªk¡C

¡@

§÷®Æ»P¤èªk

¥H¡¥¥x¹A¤G¸¹¡¦¤ì¥Ê³æ¥æºØ¤l¬°¸ÕÅç§÷®Æ¡A±N§t¤ô²v12%ªººØ¤l±K«Ê«á¦b47.5¢J¤U³B²z0-10¤Ñ¡A¥H±o¨ì¤C¯Å¤£¦P¦Ñ¤Æµ{«×ºØ¤l¡A¤À§O¶i¦æµoªÞ²v¸ÕÅç»PTTC¬V¦â¡C

ºØ¤lµoªÞ²vªº´ú©w¬O¥ý±NºØ¤l®û©ó500 ppmªºGA3·»²G¤@¤Ñ«á¡A±Ä¥Î±²¯Èªk¡A¸m©ó30/25 ¢J¡]8/16 h¡^ÅÜ·Å·Ó¥ú¤§¥Íªø½c¶i¦æµoªÞ¸ÕÅç¡]¬I»P³¢¡A1996¡^¡C¨C³B²z­«½Æ4¦¸¡A¨C­«½Æ50²ÉºØ¤l¡C¥H¤U­F¶bªø¹F1.5 cm¥H¤W¡A¤l¸­¦ÛºØ¥Ö²æ¥X¡A¥i§P©w¬°¥¿±`­]®Éµø¬°µoªÞ¡C¸m§É´Á¶¡¬°30¤Ñ¡Aµ²§ô«á­pºâµoªÞ¦Ê¤À²v¡C

¨úºØ¤l¼Ë«~4­«½Æ¡A¨C­«½Æ50²É¡A¶i¦æTTCÀËÅ窺¬ã¨s¡C¬V¦â¤èªk°Ñ¦ÒISTA¡] 1993 ¡^ªºÀˬdµ{§Ç¡A¨Ã¸g¤£¦P¬V¦â·Å«×¡BTTC¿@«×¥H¤Î®û¼í®É¶¡µ¥¹w³Æ¸ÕÅ窺µ²ªG¡A±N¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lTTCÀËÅçµ{§Ç­q¬°¡G

1.ºØ¤l®û¤ô6-18¤p®É¡]25¢J¶Â·t¤¤¡^¡C

2.¥H§¨¤l¤ÎÆh¤l¥h°£¥~ºØ¥Ö¤Î¤ººØ¥Ö¡C

3.¥HÆh¤l¤Î¥Ùª¬¬D°w±N­F±q­F¨Å¤¤¨ú¥X¡A¾Þ§@¹Lµ{¤¤ÁקK¶Ë¤Î­F¡C

4.»r­F©ñ¤JºÙ¶q²~¤¤¡A­Ë¤J0.5%ªºTTC·»²G©ó37.5¢J¶Â·t¤U®û¼í3¤p®É¡C

5.¤ô¬~­F«á©ó¸Ñ­åÅã·LÃè¤UÆ[¹î§PÂ_¡C

¥ý±N¨C­Ó­Fªº¬V¦âµ²ªG¨Ì¤l¸­»P­F®Úªº¬V¦â±¡§Î³v²Éµn°O¦¨¦h­Ó«¬ºA¡A°O¿ý¨C­Ó«¬¦¡ªº²É¼Æ¡C¥þ³¡¼Ë«~¬Ò¬V¦â¤§«á¡A°Ñ¦ÒMoore¡]1985¡^¤ÎISTA¡]1993¡^ªº¤ÀÃþ§PÂ_­ì«h¡A±N¥þ³¡¬V¦âµ²ªGÂk¯Ç¦¨12«¬¦¡¡C²z½×¤W¨C«¬¦¡¥i¯à¥Nªí¦º©ÎªÌ¬¡ºØ¤l¡A¦]¦¹§PÂ_·Ç«hÀ³¦³212­Ó¥i¯àªº²Õ¦X¡C³o¨Ç·Ç«h¬O§_¥i¾a¡A«h¬O¥ÎRMS¡]root mean square¡^ªk¨Ó¨M©w¡]Kuo et al., 1995¡^¡FRMSªº­pºâ¦p¤U¡G

¡@RMS= [(G1-P1)2 + (G2-P2)2 +......+ (Gi-Pi)2   +...... +(Gn-Pn)2 )/n]0.5

¡@

¨ä¤¤Gi¬°²Äi¥]¡]§å¡^ºØ¤l¯u¥¿µoªÞ²v¡FPi¬°²Äi¥]¡]§å¡^ºØ¤l¸gTTCÀËÅç«á¡A¦b¬Y§PÂ_·Ç«h¤U¤§¹w´úµoªÞ²v¡Fn¬°¥þ³¡¼Ë«~¥]¡]§å¡^¼Æ¡C¤ñ¸û¦UºØ§PÂ_·Ç«hªºRMS¡A¥HÀò±o³Ì¤pRMSªº§PÂ_·Ç«h§@¬°¥¿½Tªº§PÂ_¨Ì¾Ú¡C

¥t¨ú®õ°êºØ¤@§å¡B¡¥¤é°¥¡¦¨â§å¡B¡¥¥x¹A¤@¸¹¡¦¤@§å¡B¡¥¥x¹A¤G¸¹¡¦¨â§å¡A ¡¥¥x¹A¤G¸¹¡¦ªG¹ê©Ò±ÄªººØ¤l¤T§å¡A¥H¤Î¡¥¥x¹A¤­¸¹¡¦ªG¹ê©Ò±ÄªººØ¤l¤@§å¡A¤À§O¶i¦æµoªÞ¸ÕÅç»PTTCÀËÅçµ²ªGªº¤ñ¸û¡A¥HÀË©w¸g«e­zµ{§Ç©Ò­q¥ßªºTTC¬V¦â¬ã§P·Ç«h¡C

¡@

µ²ªG»P°Q½×

TTCªkªº­nÂI¬O¡AºØ¤l¥ý¦æ«e³B²z¡A¨Ï­F³¡±o¥H»PTTC·»²G¥R¤À±µÄ²¡C¹w³Æ¸ÕÅçÅã¥Ü¡A¦UºØ¸û¬°Â²©öªº¾Þ§@¤è¦¡¡A¥]¬A°Å´ß¡B©â®ð¡]Knierim and Leist, 1988¡^µ¥¡A¬ÒµLªk¦³®Ä¦a±N¤ì¥Ê­F¬V¦â¡A¦]¦¹»Ý±N»r­F¨ú¥X¨Ã®û¼íTTC·»²G¡C¦¹ªkÁö¸û¬°Ácº¾¡A¦ýµL¨ä¥L¿ï¾Ü¡C¤£¦P¦Ñ¤Æµ{«×ªº¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¸gTTC¬V¦â«áÅã¥Ü¡A­F¬V¦âªº«¬ºA¦h©Ò¤£¦P¡F¨Ì¬V¦â³¡¦ì¤Î¦â¿A¤À¦¨12ºØ¬V¦â«¬¦¡¡]¹Ï1¡^¡A¨ä¤¤²Ä1«¬ªÌ¥þ­F¬V¦â§e§¡¤ÃÂA¬õ¦â¡C²Ä2«¬ªÌ¥þ­F¬V¦â§e§¡¤ÃÂA¬õ¦â¡A¦ý­F®Ú¬ù1/2³B¦Ü­F®Ú°ò³¡¶¡§e²H¬õ¦â¡C²Ä3«¬ªÌ­F®Ú¤Î¦Ü¤l¸­²Õ´¬ù1/2³B¬V¦â§e§¡¤ÃÂA¬õ¦â¡A¨ä¾l¤l¸­²Õ´«hÃC¦â¸û²H¡C¦b³o¤T­Ó«¬¦¡¤¤¡A°¸¨£®Ú¦y¥½ºÝ³B¬V¦â«Ü²L©Î¤£¬V¦â¡A®Ú¾ÚISTAªº¬ã§P·Ç«h¡AÀ³¤£¼vÅT§PÂ_¡A¦]¦¹¤£¥tÂkÃþ¡C

²Ä4«¬ªÌ¤l¸­¬V¦¨ÂA¬õ¦â¡A¦ý­F®Ú«eºÝ¬ù1/3¦Ü1/2³B¥¼¬V¦â©Î¬°²L¬õ¦â¡A¨ä¾l­F®Ú²Õ´¬V¦â¥¿±`¡A§e§¡¤ÃÂA¬õ¦â¡C²Ä5«¬ªÌ­F®Ú¬V¦¨ÂA¬õ¦â¡A¦ý¤l¸­²Õ´§e²L¬õ¦â±a³z©úª¬¡C²Ä6«¬ªÌ¤l¸­¬V¦¨§¡¤ÃÂA¬õ¦â¡A¦ý´X¥G¾ã­Ó­F®Ú¥¼¬V¦â©Î¬V¦¨²H¬õ¦â¡C

²Ä7«¬ªÌ¥þ­F¬V¦â¥¿±`¡A»P²Ä1«¬¤§¬V¦âµ²ªG¬Ûªñ¡A¦ý¬õ¦â¤§¦â¿A¸û²L¡A¦³¨Ç­F²Õ´§e§¡¤Ã¤£³z©úª¬¯»½è·P¡C²Ä8«¬ªÌ¤l¸­¬V¦âµ²ªG»P²Ä7«¬¬Û¦P¡A¦ý­F®Ú¬ù¦³1/3³¡¦ì¬Æ¦Ü¾ã­Ó­F®Ú§e¬V¦â«Ü²L©Î¤£¬V¦â¡C²Ä9«¬ªÌ¤l¸­´X¥G¤£¬V¦â©Î¤l¸­§e¥Õ¦â¦ý±a¦³¦p¸­¯ß¯ë¤§¬õ¦âºô¯¾ª¬¡F­F®Ú¬V¦â¥¿±`©Î§½³¡¤£¬V¦â¡A©Î¬V¦â¸û²L¡C

papaya1-1.GIF (33088 bytes)

1.whole embryo stained red.
2.
basal part of the radicle stained light red, the rest part red.
3.
distal half of the cotyledons stained light red, the rest part red. Those less than 1/3 radicle tip unstained are not excluded from the above 3 patterns.
4.
more than 1/3 radicle tip unstained.
5.
cotyledons stained glassy red.
6.
radicle unstained.
7.
whole embryo stained red, with a tint of opaque.
8.
more than 1/3 radicle tip unstained, the rest part glassy red.
9.
cotyledons unstained.
10.
basal part of both radicle and cotyledons stained light red.
11.
whole embryo stained light red.
12.
whole embryo unstained.

¹Ï 1¡A¤ì¥Ê­Fªº12ºØTTC¬V¦â«¬¦¡¡C¨ä¤¤¶È1¡A2¡A3«¬¬°¬¡ºØ¤l¡A¸Ô¥¿¤å¡C

Fig. 1, Twelves TTC-staining patterns of the embryo of Carica papaya L. Only pattern 1, 2 and 3 are considered viable.

¡@

²Ä10«¬ªÌ­F®Ú«eºÝ¬ù1/2³B¤Î¤l¸­¥½ºÝ¬ù1/2¦Ü1/3³B¬V¦¨ÂA¬õ¦â¡A¨ä¾l²Õ´«h¬V¦â«Ü²L©Î¤£¬V¦â¡C²Ä11«¬ªÌ¥þ­F¬Ò§¡¤Ã¬V¦â¡A¦ý¦â¿A§e·¥²L¤§²H¬õ¦â¡A¦³¨Ç¤l¸­²Õ´¬°·¥²L¤§²H¬õ¦â¥B²¤±a³z©úª¬¡C²Ä12«¬ªÌ¥þ­F§¹¥þµL¬V¦â¡A²Õ´§e¥Õ¦â¡A¦³¨Ç­F®Ú©Î­F®Ú¤§§½³¡§e¨Ç·L¥B¦â¿A·¥²L¤§²H¬õ¦â¡C¦U¯Å¦Ñ¤Æµ{«×ºØ¤lªº¬V¦â¤À¥¬¤£¤@¡A¦ý¥i¨£¬V¦¨«¬¦¡1»P2ªº¼Æ¥ØÀHµÛºØ¤l¦HÅܵ{«×ªº¥[²`¦Ó´î¤Ö¡C¸û¯S®íªÌ¬OµoªÞ²v¶È2.5%ªº¼Ë«~¡A¬V¦âªºµ²ªG´Xªñ¤@¥bªº­F¥i¥H¥þ­±¬V¦¨¬õ¦â²¤±a¤£³z©ú·P

ªº¯»½è¡A»P²Ä1«¬ªº¬õ¦â¶È¦³·L¤pªº®t²§¡AÀ³Äݩ󫬦¡7¡]ªí1¡^¡C¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¸gTTCÀËÅç«á¤§12ºØ¬V¦â«¬¦¡§PÂ_·Ç«h¡A¸û°ê»ÚºØ¤lÀˬd³W«h¤W©Ò¦Cªº¤p³Á¡B¤j³Á¡B¶Â³Á¤Î¿P³Áµ¥ªº¤ÀÃþ«¬¦¡¬°¦h¡A¦ý»PPasha©MDas ¡]1982¡^¤§¤j¨§10ºØTTC¬V¦âµ²ªG¬Û±µªñ¡C¥Ñ©ó¬V¦â«¬¦¡ºØÃþ¤Ó¦h¡A¦Ó¥B¥]¬A¤£©ö¬ã§P¦p²Ä5©Î7«¬ªÌ¡A¨Ï±o¦p¦ó±N¤§ÂkÃþ¬°¦º©Î¬¡ªººØ¤l§ó¬°§xÃø¡C¥Î©ó¤ì¥Ê»P¤@¦ê¬õ¡]Salvia splendens Sell ex Roem.¡^ºØ¤lªºRMSªk¡]Kuo et al., 1995¡^¡A«h¥i¥H«ÈÆ[¦a§JªA¦¹§xÃø¡C

¡@

ªí 1¡A¤£¦P¦Ñ¤Æµ{«×¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¸gTTCÀËÅç«á­F¤À¥¬©ó¦U¬V¦â«¬¦¡ªº¼Æ¥Ø

Table 1, Distribution of embryos to each stain pattern after TTC tests of the papaya seeds 1¡^ of different aging level

Stain pattern

Aging days under 47.5¢J and 12% seed moisture content

sum

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

142

157

113

143

95

61

0

711

2

23

9

32

4

1

1

0

70

3

4

1

1

0

2

0

0

8

4

2

7

7

12

44

47

0

119

5

2

1

22

8

7

13

0

53

6

2

3

0

5

9

14

0

33

7

10

1

6

7

11

16

96

147

8

4

3

1

2

3

17

4

34

9

6

9

9

12

22

17

40

115

10

2

3

1

1

0

1

4

12

11

0

0

0

2

0

1

16

19

12

3

6

8

4

6

12

40

79

sum

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

1400

Germination 2¡^

84

85

72

68.5

49

27

2.5

¡@

1¡^ Cultivar¡¥Tainung no. 2¡¦

2¡^ % Normal germination, + GA3

¡@

¨Ì·ÓTTCªk­ì²z¤¤ªº¬V¦â¬ã§P·Ç«h¡A²Ä4¡B6¡B8¡B9¡B10¡B11¡B12«¬¦¡ªÌ¬°¦ººØ¤lÀ³µLºÃ¼{¡AµM¦Ó¨ä¥L«¬¦¡«h¸ûÃø§PÂ_¡C¦]¦¹®Ú§¡¤è¡]RMS¡^ªº­pºâ¥u»Ý­n°w¹ï²Ä1¡B2¡B3¡B5¡B7«¬¦¡¡A¤]´N¬O25­Ó²Õ¦X¡C­pºâµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A­Y±N²Ä7ªÌµø¬°¬¡ºØ¤l¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºRMS¬Ò°ª¹L10¡Aªí¥Ü¦¹¬V¦â«¬¦¡¥Nªí¦ººØ¤l¡]¤£¦C¤Jªí2¡^¡C¥Ñªí2©Ò¦Cªº³¡¥÷RMS­pºâµ²ªG¥iª¾¡A¥H²Ä1¡B2¡B3«¬¦¡¬ã§P¬°¬¡ºØ¤l¡A¨ä¾l¬°¦ººØ¤l³Ì¨Î¡C¦bTTC¬V¦âµ²ªG¦p¦ó§P§O¤W¡ARMSªk¥i¥H´£¨Ñ¸û¬°«ÈÆ[ªº¤ñ¸û¡]Kuo et al., 1995¡^¡CµM¦Ó¦¹ºØ­pºâ¤èªk­Y¥Î¦b¨ã¦³¥ð¯v©ÊªººØ¤l®É¡A¥i¯à³y¦¨¬ã§P·Ç«hªº¿ù»~¡C¦]¬°­YºØ¤l¨ã¦³¥ð¯v©Ê¡A¦Ó¥BµLªk¥Î¤H¬°ªº³B²z§¹¥þ«P¶iºØ¤lµoªÞ®É¡A«h«e­zªº¹ê»ÚµoªÞ¦Ê¤À²v¤´µM§C¦ô¼Ë«~ªº¯u¥¿¬¡²v¡A¦]¦Ó©Ò°µªº²Î­p¤ÀªR±N²£¥Í»~®t¡C¥Ñ©ó¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¥i¯à¨ã²`«×¥ð¯v¡]¬I¡A1995¡^¡A¥»¸ÕÅç±Ä¥ÎµL¥ð¯vºØ¤l¨Ó¶i¦æ¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æ³B²z¡A©Ò±oªº§CµoªÞ²vºØ¤l¡A½T©w¨Ã«D¥ð¯v©Ò¤Þ°_¡C¦]¦¹²Ä5©Î7«¬¦¡ªº¬V¦â¡AÁöµM¥þ­F¬Ò¯à¬V¦¨²¤±a³z©úª¬©Î¯»ª¬ªº¬õ¦â¡A³z¹LRMSªº­pºâ¡A¤´À³§P¬°¦ººØ¤l¡C

¡@

¡@

ªí 2¡A¤ì¥Ê­FTTC¬V¦â«¬¦¡µø¬°¬¡ºØ¤l©Ò¹w´úªº¦s¬¡²v»P¹ê»ÚµoªÞ¦Ê¤À²v¤§¶¡®t²§ªº§¡¤è®Ú

Table 2, Root mean square determination 1¡^ for the representation of some TTC staining pattern

Patterns considered as viable 2¡^

Root Mean Square

1,2,3

2.69

1,2

2.8

1,3,5

6.66

1,2,5

6.95

1,2,3,5

7.14

1,5

7.17

1,3

7.46

1

8.29

1¡^RMS of the difference between germination percentage and TTC-predicted viability percentage, calculated from the data of table 1.

2¡^Those pattern combinations that yield RMS larger than 9.0 were omitted.

¡@

¡@

¥t¨ú¤wª¾¥þ¦ºªººØ¤l¨Ó¬V¦â¡Aªº½T±o¨ì¥þ­F¬Ò¥i¬V¬õªÌ¦p¹Ï2©Ò¥Ü¡A¬OÄÝ©ó©ó²Ä5©Î7¦¡¡CGanguli et al.¡]¨£Gitali and Sen-Mandi, 1992¡^µo²{¦Ñ¤Æªº¤p³Á­F¤]¯à¬V¦¨¬õ¦â¡A­Y«ö·Ó¤@¯ëªº§PÂ_·Ç«h¡Aµø¬°¬¡ºØ¤l¡A·|¾É­P»~§P¡C¥Ñ©ó¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¸g¹L¤H¤u¦Ñ¤Æ³B²z¡A³o¨Ç¦ººØ¤l¤´¯à¬V¦¨¬õ¦â¡A·t¥Ü­F³¡ªº»Ã¯À¤´¨ã¬¡©Ê¡C¥ÑRMSªº­pºâ¡AÀÀ©w¬V¦â«¬¦¡5©Î7ªÌ¬°¦ººØ¤l¡A»P¹Ï2¸g¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æªº¦ººØ¤l¨Ó¬V¦âªºµ²ªG¬Û²Å¡CµM¦Ó³o¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¥¼¸g¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æªº¼Ë«~´N¨S¦³³oºØ»~§Pªº¾÷·|¡C¦b¥»¸ÕÅ礤¡A¥¼¸g¦Ñ¤Æ³B²zªÌ¡]ªí1¤¤¦Ñ¤Æ0¤Ñ¡^¡A¤´¦³³¡¥÷ºØ¤lªº¬V¦â§e²{«¬¦¡5©Î7¡A¦]¦¹¦b¶i¦æ¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¨Ò¦æªºTTCÀËÅç®É¡A¤´»Ý­nª`·N¬V¦¨¤£³z©ú·Pªº¯»½è¬õ¦âªÌ¡A©Î²L¬õ¦â±a³z©úª¬ªÌ¡A±N¤§§P¬°¦ººØ¤l¡C

papaya1-2.GIF (52302 bytes) ¹Ï 2¡A¤ì¥Ê¬¡¡]¤W¡^»P¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æ¦Ó¦ºªº¡]¤U¡^ºØ¤l¸gTTCÀËÅç«á­Fªº¬V¦â¡C
Fig. 2, The result of TTC test of viable (upper) and dead (lower) seeds of Carica papaya L. The dead seeds were obtained by accelerated aging.

¡@

¡@

©Ò½T©wªºTTC¬V¦â§P©w·Ç«h¡A¥Î¨Ó¹w¦ô¥t10§åºØ¤lªº¬¡²v®É¡A·|°ª¦ô¥¼¥[GA3³B²zªºµoªÞ²v¡]ªí3¡^¡A¨ä­ì¦]À³¬O¨Ñ¸ÕºØ¤l§å¨ã¥ð¯v©Ê©Ò­P¡CMoore¡]1962¡^¥ç«ü¥X¡A§Q¥ÎTTCªk´ú©w¬Y¨ÇªL¤ìÃþºØ¤l®É¡A­Y¹w´ú¬¡¤O­È¸û¹ê´úµoªÞ²v°ªªÌ¡A§Y¥i¯à¦]ºØ¤l¨ã¥ð¯v©Ê©Ò­P¡C­Y¦bµoªÞ«e¹w®ûGA3¡A«hTTCªkªº¹w¦ô¬Û·í·Ç½T¡]ªí3¡^¡C¥Ñ©ó¬Y¨Ç¥ð¯v©Ê°ªªº¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¡A§Y¨Ï¥[GA3³B²z¡AµoªÞ²v¤´¤£°ª¡]¬I¡A1995¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥»¤å©Ò´£¥XªºTTCªkÀ³¥i¥HÁקK¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lµoªÞ¸ÕÅç¹ê¦]ºØ¤l¥ð¯v©Ê©Ò³y¦¨ªº»~§P¡C

¡@

ªí 3¡A¤Q§å¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªºµoªÞ²v»PTTC©Ò¹w´úªº¦s¬¡²v

Table 3, Germination percentage and TTC-predicted viability of 10 papaya seed accessions

Viability, % ¡]TTC test¡^

Normal germination, %

+ GA3

           ¡ÐGA3

99.5±1.0

94.5±4.7

44.0±7.3

99.3±1.2

99.5±1.0

93.5±3.4

98.5±3.0

98.0±1.6

             62.5±14.2

96.0±2.0

89.0±3.5

84.0±5.9

92.5±1.9

88.0±5.9

74.5±9.2

76.7±3.1

75.5±2.5

52.5±6.0

72.5±5.0

66.0±6.7

34.0±7.1

65.0±18.0

61.0±5.3

51.0±7.4

16.0±17.5

16.0±9.4

17.0±4.8

10.5±5.0

12.5±5.5

14.0±2.8

Mean 72.7

70

              52.7

¡@

¬°¤F²¤Æ¬V¦âªº¬ã§P·Ç«h¡A¦A¸Ô²ÓÆ[¹î¹Ï1¡A¦ü¥G¥i¥H±N¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lTTCÀËÅçªkªº¬ã§P·Ç«h¨Ì·ÓISTA³W«h¡]1993, ªí6A¡^ªº®æ¦¡¡A¦b¡u¬ã§P¡]¥i®e³\ªº³Ì¤jµL¬V¦â¡B³n®z¡B©ÎÃa¯jªº³Ì¤j½d³ò¡^¡vÄ椤µù©ú¡G­F®Ú®Ú¦y1/3¡F¦Ó¦b¡u³Æµù¡v¤¤«hµù©ú¡G©Ò¬V¬õªºÃC¦â­Y±a¯»¬õ¤£³z©ú·P¡A«h¬°¦ººØ¤l¡C

¥Ñ©ó¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lTTCÀË©wµ{§Ç¤¤¡A¨ú­Fªº¾Þ§@¹Lµ{¸û¤@¯ëºØ¤l§ó¬°ÁcÃø¥B¶O®É¬Æ¤[¡A¤×¨ä»Ý¨ã¼ô½m¨ú­F§Þ³Nªº¤H­û¾Þ§@¤§¡A§_«h·¥©ö¥¢±Ñ¡C¯S§O¬O³¡¥÷¦ººØ¤lªº­F¤´¥i¥H¥þ³¡¬V¦â¡A¹ï¦¹ÃþºØ¤l¡A»Ý­n¥J²Ó¤À¿ë­F©Ò¬V¦â¿A¡A¬O¥»ªkªº¯ÊÂI¡C¦p¦ó§JªA¦¹¤@²~ÀV¡A¬°¶i¤@¨B§ïµ½¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lTTCÀˬdªk©ÒÀ³§V¤Oªº¤è¦V¡C

¥Ñ©óTTCªkªº·Ç½T©Ê¦³¿à©óÀËÅçªÌªº¸gÅç¡A¦]¦¹¡A¦bTTCªk©|¥¼¤Q¤À½T¥ßªº§Ú°ê¡AÀËÅçªÌ©Ò­±Á{ªº³Ì¤j°ÝÃD¡A¯S§O¬O°w¹ï¨S¦³¸g¹L¬ã¨sªºª«ºØ¡A´N¬O¬V¦âµ²ªGªº§PÂ_¬O§_¥¿½T¡C¦bµL¨ã¦³¸gÅçªÌªº«ü¾É¤U¡A¥i¥H§Q¥Î¥»¬ã¨s©Ò±Ä¨úªºRMSªk¨Ó¶i¦æ¦Û§Ú½m²ß¡C¨ú¦h§å¤£¨ã¥ð¯v©Ê¡A¦ýºØ¤lµoªÞ²v°ª§C¤£¦Pªº¼Ë«~¨Ó¶i¦æ¬V¦â¡C±N­F¬V¦âµ²ªG¹º¤À¦¨­Y¤z«¬¦¡¡AµM«á±N¬V¦âªº¹w´úºØ¤l¬¡²v»P¹ê»ÚªºµoªÞ¦Ê¤À²v¶i¦æ²Î­pªº¤ñ¸û¡A¥i¥H«ÈÆ[¦a«üºÙ¦U¬V¦â«¬¦¡¡A¯S§O¬O¤£©ö§PÂ_ªº¬V¦â«¬¦¡¡A©Ò¥NªíªººØ¤lª¬ºA¡C

¡@

»x ÁÂ

¥»¸ÕÅç¦b¹A©e·|­pµe¡]85¬ì§Þ-1,4-³-05¡^¸g¶O¤ä§U¤U¶i¦æ¡A¤S©Ó»ñ¤s¼ö±a¶éÃÀ¸ÕÅç©Ò¤ý¼w¨k¥D¥ô¡BªL¼ü¹F¥ý¥Í¡AºØ­]§ï¨}Ác´Þ³õ¬x¬w½Òªø¡A¥xªF°Ï¹A§ï³õ§õµ½§Õ¥ý¥Í¡A¥H¤Î«ÌªF®õ©M¹A³õ¼ÚªF©Y¸g²z¡B¥x«n¥É¤«¶m³¯¨Ó©ú¥ý¥Íµ¥¨ó§U´£¨ÑºØ¤l¡AªL¬üµØ¤p©j´£¨Ñ¹Ï2¡A¦b¦¹¤@¨Ö­PÁ¡C

¡@

°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

§ºÀ¹ª¢1964 ºØ¤l¥Í¬¡¤O¤§³t´úªk¡C¹A´_·|¡A¥x¥_¡C

§õ¶­­^ 1983 ºØ¤l¬¡¤O¤§¥Í¤ÆÀË©w¡]¤W¡B¤U¡^¡CÀËÅç¡A22¡]1¡^: 4-16¡B22¡]2¡^: 14-22¡C

¬I¨Î§»1995 ¤ì¥ÊºØ¤l¥ð¯v¶JÂäά¡¤O´ú©wªk¤§±´°Q¡C¥xÆW¤j¾Ç¹AÃÀ¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A¥x¥_¡C

¬I¨Î§»¡B³¢µØ¤¯ 1996 ¤ì¥ÊºØ¤lªº¹q¾É«×´úÅç¡C¥x¤j¹A°|¬ã³ø¡A36: 247-258¡C

³¢µØ¤¯ 1990 ¦è¼w Baden-Wurtemberg ºØ¤lÀˬd«Ç²¤¶¡C¬ì¾Ç¹A·~ 38: 44-47¡C

Gitali, D. and Sen-Mandi, S. 1992 Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining pattern of differentially aged wheat seed embryos. Seed Sci. Technol. 20, 367-373.

ISTA 1993 International Rules for Seed Testing. Rules, 1993. Seed Sci. Technol. 21, Supplement.

Knierim, M. and Leist, N. 1988 Verbesserung der Untersuchungsmethode auf Lebensfahigkeit nach dem Tetrazolium-Verfahren bei Abies-Saagut (Abies spp.). Seed Sci. Technol. 16:227-237.

Kuo, W.H.J., Yan, A.C. and Leist, N. 1995 Tetrazolium test for the seeds of Salvia splendens Sell ex Roem. & Schult and S. farinacea Benth. Seed Sci. Technol. 24:17-21.

Moore, R.P. 1962 Tetrazolium as a universally acceptable quality test of viable seed. Proc. Intern. Seed Test. Asso. 27:795-805.

Moore, R.P. (ed.) 1985 Handbook on Tetrazolium Testing. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurich.

Pasha, M.K. and Das, R.K. 1982 Quick viability test of soybean seeds by using tetrazolium chloride. Seed Sci. Technol. 10:651-655.

¡@

¦¬¥ó received¡G1998-08-07¡F±µ¨ü accepted¡G1998-09-08