回:農業基本法

農業入憲

另參考：(2005) 新憲研修 農業不應缺席

我國憲法的農業條款對於農業的願景已不符時代精神，應予重擬：

第 146 條  國家應運用科學技術，以興修水利，增進地力，改善農業環境，規劃土地 利用，開發農業資源，促成農業之工業化。

按，目前聯合國系統已經建議由工業化農業轉型到生態、小農體系，見： http://seed.agron.ntu.edu.tw/agdiversity/family farm2014.htm

參考瑞士憲法的農業條款：

　

瑞士憲法

第 104 條    農業

(1)    聯邦規定農業應予以持續，並且進行市場導向生產，俾能：

a. 確保糧食之提供；

b. 維護生活之自然基礎，並且照顧鄉村景觀；

c. 分散國境內居住。

(2) 合理範圍下農業須自立，但聯邦應促進攸關土壤管理的鄉村產業，必要時得偏離自由經濟原則。

(3) 聯邦應結合各項措施，俾使農業達成其多功能任務，特別應提供如下動力與目標：

a.以直接給付來挹注鄉村收入，令有舉證的產出得到適當的酬金，但以具有生態作用驗證者為限；

b.促進具經濟誘因的生產型態，但要求近乎自然，對環境與動物友善。

c.針對食物採行具原生產地宣告、高品質，並講求生產與加工方法的規則；

d.保護環境，避免過度施用肥料、化學物質與其他輔助物質的傷害；

e.得支持農業研究、諮詢,、教育，並給予投資之協助；

f.得採行規定以調整農村地產。

(4) 聯邦之資金挹注來自農業領域與聯邦一般性之財源。

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Switzerland Constitution

 

Article 104  Agriculture

(1) The Federation provides for the fact that agriculture achieves a substantial contribution through a lasting and market oriented production:

a. to secure the provision of the population;

b. to the maintenance of natural foundations of life and to foster the rural scenery;

c. to a decentralized inhabitation of the country.

(2) In addition to reasonable self-help of agriculture and if necessary deviating from the principle of economic freedom, the Federation promotes soil-managing rural enterprises.

(3) The Federation aligns the measures in such a way that agriculture fulfills its multi-functional tasks. It has particularly following powers and tasks:

a. It supplements the rural income by direct payments to achieve an appropriate remuneration for adduced outputs, provided that an ecological performance certificate is given;

b. It promotes with economically worthy incentives production forms, which are nature near, environmental and animal friendly;

c. It adopts rules on the declaration of origin, quality, production method and processing method for food;

d. It protects the environments against impairments by excessive use of fertilizer, chemicals and other auxiliary substances;

e. It may encourage agricultural research, counseling, and education, and render investment assistance;

f. It may adopt rules on the consolidation of rural property.

(4) The Federation invests therefore dedicated funds from the agricultural field and general federal funds.