| 學名 | 俗稱 | 發芽 適溫 |
發芽時間 | 發芽促進方法 |
| Dactylis glomerta | 果園草,野茅, Orchard grass | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Daemonorps margartae | 正藤,省藤,黃滕 | 20-30(1) | 30-180(1) | 低溫層積2-3個月或常溫層積5-7週。(1) |
| Dahlia pinnata | 大麗花, Common dahlia | 20/30,20,15(3) | 4-21(3) | 冷層積(3) |
| Dahlia x hybrida | 大麗花, Dahlia | 15-18(2) | 5-10(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Daphne mezereum | 瑞香類 | 割痕處理。暖層積8-12週,然後冷層積14週(6) | ||
| Datura metel | 黃花曼陀羅, Hindu datura | 20/30;20(3) | 5-21(3) | 冷層積,割傷硬粒種子(3) |
| Datura spp. | 曼陀羅類 | 20/30(6) | 發芽時短暫照光,去種皮,加GA處理(6) | |
| Datura stramonium | 曼陀羅, Jimson weed | 20/30;20(3) | 5-21(3) | 冷層積,割傷硬粒種子(3) |
| Daucus carota | 胡蘿蔔, Carrot | 20/30;20(3) | 7-14(3) | 宜照光發芽。發芽前可先浸50ppm的GA計3小時。(6) |
| Davidia involucrata | 暖層積12-20週後冷層積12-16週(6) | |||
| Delonix regia | 鳳凰木 | 25(1) | 5-15(1) | 同鐵刀木。(1) |
| Delphinium grandiflorum var. chinense | Delphinium | 12-18(2) | 遮陰(2) | |
| Delphinium x cultorum | 大翠雀, Delphinium | 12-18(2) | ||
| Delphinum bellamosum | 20-15;10(3) | 7-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) | |
| Delphinum cardinale | 紅飛燕草, Cardinal larkspur | 20;15;10(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積(3) |
| Delphinum formosum | 20;15;10(3) | 7-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) | |
| Delphinum grandiflorum | 20;15;10(3) | 7-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) | |
| Delphinum x belladonna | Delphinium | 20;15;10(3) | 7-21(3), 12-18(2) | 光線,冷層積(3); 遮陰(2) |
| Delphinum x cultorum | 大翠雀花,飛燕草 | 20;15;10(3) | 7-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3); 遮陰(2) |
| Dendranthema horaimontanum | 白花菊 | 23/13(4) | 21-49(4) | |
| Dendranthema indicum | 野菊 | 20/30;20(3) | 4-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) |
| Dendranthemum arisanense | 阿里山菊 | 23/13;25/20(4) | 14-21(4) | |
| Dendrocalamus laliflorus | 麻竹 | 23(1) | 2-19(1) | 即播為宜。(1) |
| Deschampsia cespitosa | Tuffed hairgrass | 20/30;20(3) | 7-16(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Descurainia pinnata | 20,20/30(6) | |||
| Desmodium intortum | 營多藤, Intortum clover | 20/30(3) | 4-10(3) | 發芽前以濃硫酸先浸過(3) |
| Desmodium uncinatum | 西班牙三葉草, Spanish clover | 20/30(3) | 4-10(3) | 發芽前以濃硫酸先浸過(3) |
| Dianthus barbatus | 美國石竹,五彩石竹, Sweet William | 20/30;20(3), 15-21(2) | 4-14(3), 7-10(2) | 冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Dianthus caryophyllus | 康乃馨,香石竹, Carnation | 20/30;20(3), 18-21(2) | 4-14(3), 5-13(2) | 冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Dianthus chinensis | 五彩石竹,大花石竹, indian pink, china pink | 21-24(2), 20/30;20(3) | 7(2), 4-14(3) | 冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Dianthus deltoides | 美國石竹, Maiden pinks | 20/30;20(3), 15-21(2) | 4-14(3), 7-10(2) | 冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Dianthus japonicu | 日本石竹 | 15-20(5) | ||
| Dianthus plumarius | 草石竹,龍田石竹,長夏石竹, Grass pinks, Cottage pinks | 15-21(2), 20/30;20(3) | 7-10(2), 4-14(3) | 冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Dianthus pygmaeus | 玉山石竹 | 23/13(4) | 14-28(4) | |
| Dicentra chrysantha | 15(6) | 70(6) | GA, 400 ppm(6) | |
| Dichanthuim aristatum | 20/35(3) | 7-21(3) | 以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) | |
| Dichondra micrantha | 馬蹄金 | 20-25(5) | ||
| Dichondra repens | 馬蹄金(屬) | 20/30(3) | 7-21(3) | |
| Dictamus albus | 20/30(6) | 21(6) | 冷層積45天後在光照下發芽。(6) | |
| Dictyosperma album | 網實椰子 | 24-28(#) | 30-90(#) | |
| Dictyosperma aureum | 黃網實椰子 | 54-102(#) | ||
| Digitalis lanata | 指頂花,毛地黃, Foxglove | 20/30;20(3) | 4-14(3) | 冷層積(3); 照光(2) |
| Digitalis purpurea | 指頂花,毛地黃, Foxglove | 20/30;20(3), 15-18(2) | 4-14(3), 5-10(2) | 冷層積(3) |
| Digitaria smutsii | 20/30(3) | 4-10(3) | ||
| Dimorphotheca pluvialis | 白藍菊,非洲金盞, Africa daisy, Cape marigold | 20/30,15(3) | 4-14(3) | 光線,冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Dimorphotheca sinuata | 銅錢花 | 15(6) | 10,14(6) | 照光,加硝酸鉀液處理(6) |
| Dioscorea bulbifera | 山芋,山慈姑,薯蕷類,山藥類 | 30(6) | 21(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea composita | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 30(6) | 20(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea deltoides | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 25(6) | 20(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea floribunda | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 30(6) | 20(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea hirtifloria | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 30(6) | 21(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea japonica | 細葉野山藥,薯蕷類 | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) | ||
| Dioscorea nipponica | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 20-29(6) | 70(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea odoratissima | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 30(6) | 21(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea opposita | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 25(6) | 30(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Dioscorea rotundata | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 25-30(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) | |
| Dioscorea tenuipes | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 20(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) | |
| Dioscorea tokoro | 薯蕷類,山藥類 | 20,25(6) | 30(6) | 休眠者冷層積30天。(6) |
| Diospyros discolor | 毛柿 | 20-28(*) | ||
| Diospyros spp. | 柿子類 | 20/30(6) | 30-120 | 冷層積,去種皮可以解除休眠。(6) |
| Dipsacus fullonum | 拉毛果 | 20(6) | 14(6) | |
| Dizygotheca elegantissima | 孔雀木, Thread leaf, False aralis | 20/30(3), 29/20(2), 20-25(5) | 7-28(3), 35-42(2) | 照光(2) |
| Dolichos lablab | 鵲豆,扁豆, Hyacinth bean | 20/30,25(3); 21-22(2) | 4-10(3), 5-8(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Doronicum cordatum | Doronium, Leopard's ban | 21(2) | 14-21(2) | 照光(2) |
| Doronicum orientale | 多柳菊,金輪菊 | 20/30;20(3) | 4-21(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Dorotheanthus bellidiformis | 紅玻璃 | 20;15(3) | 5-35(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Doryalis spp. | 21(6) | 先泡水1天(6) | ||
| Dryobalanops aromatica | 25-30(6) | 10(6) | 光照(6) | |
| Duranta repens | 金露華,臺灣連翹 | 25-30(6) | 42(6) | 光照發芽(6) |
| Durio zibethinus | 流連,榴蓮 | 25-35(6) | 35(6) | 光照(6) |
| Dyssodia tenuiloba | 萬點金, Dahlberg daisy | 18-21(2) | 10-16(2) | 照光(2) |
| Ecchinops ritro | 漏盧花, Globe thistle | 18-22(2), 20/30(3) | 14-21(2), 7-21(3) | 照光(2) |
| Echinacea purpurea | 紫松花菊,松果菊, Puprle corn flower | 20/30;20(3) | 4-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Echinchloa crus-galli | 稗子, Barnyard grass | 20/30;25(3) | 4-10(3) | 預熱40℃(3) |
| Echinocereus engelmanii | 司蝦 | 20/30(6) | 14(6) | 光照(6) |
| Echinochloa colona | 芒稷 | 30/25(4) | ||
| Echium fastuosum | 20/30;20(3) | 4-14(3) | ||
| Echium plantagineum | Annual borage | 20/30;20(3) | 4-14(3) | |
| Ehretia spp. | 種子具硬實性,用酸處理。 | |||
| Ehrharta calycina | Perennial Veltgrass | 20(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積(3) |
| Elaeagnaus angustifolia | 胡頹子類 | 20/30(6) | 割痕處理,或先暖層積0-4週,再冷層積8-12週。光照下發芽。(6) | |
| Elaeagnaus multiflora | 胡頹子類 | 21(6) | 先泡水1天然後冷層積30-60天。(6) | |
| Elaeagnaus philippensis | 胡頹子類 | 21(6) | 先泡水1天(6) | |
| Elaeagnaus pungens | 胡頹子 | 21(6) | 先泡水1天然後冷層積30-60天。(6) | |
| Elaeagnaus umbellata | 牛奶子,胡頹子類 | 冷層積8-12週。(6) | ||
| Elaeis quineensis | 油棕 | 25/35(#) | 在40℃下熱層積處理約一至三個月。(#) | |
| Elaeocarpus sylvestris | 山橄欖,杜英 | 20-25(1) | 30-60(1) | 具休眠性,宜經低溫層積6-8個月或常溫層積3-4個月。(1) |
| Elettaria spp. | cardamom | 25,20/30(6) | 90(6) | 可試用割痕處理。(6) |
| Eleusine coracana | 龍爪稷 | 20/30(3) | 4-8(3) | 以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Elymus canadensis | 15/30(6) | 21(6) | 冷層積2週,光照發芽(6) | |
| Elymus junceus | 20/30(3) | 5-14(3) | 冷層積(3) | |
| Emilia javanica 'Lutea' | 櫻絨花, Cacalia | 20-22(2) | 8-15(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Encelia californica | 20(6) | 5(6) | ||
| Encelia farinosa | 20(6) | 5(6) | ||
| Epilobium hohuenense | 合歡山柳葉菜 | 25/20(4) | 7-14(4) | |
| Episcia spp. | 喜蔭花類 | 20(6) | 21(6) | 照光。冷層積。(6) |
| Eragrostis tef | 20/30(3) | 4-10(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) | |
| Eragrostis curvula | 戀風草, Weeping lovegrass | 20/35;15/30(3) | 6-10(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Erigeron speciosus | 奧勒岡紫苑, Oregan fleabane | 20/30;20(3) | 7-28(3) | |
| Erigonum fasciculatum | 20(6) | 14(6) | 休眠者去外殼(6) | |
| Eriobotrya japonica | 枇杷, loquat | 21(6) | 冷層積30-60天。(6) | |
| Eriocapitella vitifolia | 小白頭翁 | 25/20(4) | 21-28(4) | |
| Eriophyllum confertiflorum | 20(6) | 5(6) | ||
| Eriophyllum lanatum | 20/30(6) | |||
| Erodium cicutarium | 20/30(6) | 14(6) | ||
| Eruca sativa | 20(3) | 4-7(3) | ||
| Erysimum cheiranthoides | 20/30(6) | 加硝酸鉀處理(6) | ||
| Erysimum x allionii | 20/30;20(3) | 4-14(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) | |
| Erythea armata | 長穗櫚 | 150-180(#) | ||
| Erythea edulis | 大果長穗櫚 | 80(#) | ||
| Erythrina spp. | 刺桐類 | 種子具硬實性,用濃硫酸或摩擦處理。 | ||
| Eschscholtzia californica | 加州罌粟,金英花, California-poppy | 15-10(3), 21-22(2) | 4-14(3), 4-8(2) | 以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Eucalyptus citriodora | 檸檬桉 | 20-25(1) | 4-28(1) | 苗圃或溫室密播,發芽後移植。(1) |
| Eucalyptus deglupta | 粗皮桉 | 20/30(6) | 14(6) | |
| Eucalyptus grandis | 玫瑰桉 | 25(6) | 14(6) | 照光(6) |
| Eucalyptus robusta | 油加利,大葉桉 | 20-25(1) | 5-14(1) | 溫室或遮蓋下密播,發芽後移植。(1) |
| Eugenia spp. | 蒲桃類 | 25(6) | 14-60(6) | 可加500 ppm的GA。(6) |
| Euonymus europaea | 衛矛類 | 20/30(6) | 28(6) | 冷層積45天,或先暖層積8-12週再行冷層積8-16週。(6) |
| Euphorbia heterophylla | 白苞草 | 2030(6) | 16(6) | 光照(6) |
| Euphorbia marginata | 銀邊翠 | 20(6) | 14(6) | 冷層積2個月(6) |
| Euphorbia myrsinites | Euphorbia, Myrtle Euphorbia | 18-21(2) | 7-14(2) | 照光(2) |
| Euphorbia polychroma | Euphorbia, Cushion spurge | 18-21(2) | 8-15(2) | |
| Euphoria longan | 龍眼 | 25,30(6) | 17,30(6) | 暖層積或光照下發芽(6) |
| Eustoma grandiflorum | Lisanthus | 24-26(2) | 10-20(2) | 照光(2) |
| Exacum affine | 紫芳草, Exacum, Persian violet | 21(2) | 14-21(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Fagopyrum esculentum | 蕎麥, Common buck wheat | 20/30;20(3) | 4-7(3) | |
| Fagus sylvatica | 歐洲山毛櫸, European beech | 3-5(3) | ||
| Fatsia japonica | 八角金盤, Broad leaved finger plant | 20/30;20(3), 15-20(5) | 7-28(3) | 照光(2) |
| Feijoa sellowiana | 21(6) | 先冷層積30-60天。(6) | ||
| Ferocactus wislizenii | 金赤龍 | 20/30(6) | 10,14(6) | 光照(6) |
| Feronia limonia | 21(6) | 泡水1天後播種(6) | ||
| Festuca amethystina | Festuca, Amethyst fescue, Large blue fescue | 21(2) | 6-12(2) | 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Festuca arundinacea | 高狐草, Tall fescue | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-14(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Festuca heterophylla | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) | |
| Festuca ovina | 羊狐草, Sheep fescue | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3); 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Festuca ovina glauca | Festuca, Sheep's fescue, Blue fescue | 21(2) | 4-6(2) | |
| Festuca pratensis | 高狐草, Meadow fescue | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-14(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Festuca rubra | 紅狐草, Red fescue | 20/30;15/25(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| x Festulolium braunii | 20/30;15/25;20(3) | 5-14(3) | 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) | |
| Ficus microcarpa var. microcarpa | 正榕,榕樹 | 25(1) | 12-30(1) | 混砂,條播或撒播。(1) |
| Filicium decipiens | 樹蕨 | 23-27(5) | ||
| Firmiana simplex | 青桐,耳桐,梧桐 | 25(1) | 27-42(1) | 低溫層4-6個月,常溫層積3-5週。乾藏種子以溫水浸種一日。(1) |
| Flacourtia indica | 21(6) | 先泡水1天(6) | ||
| Foeniculum vulgare | 茴香, Sweet fennel, Fennel | 20/30(3), 21(2) | 7-14(3), 7-10(2) | 遮陰(2)。在10C下層積5天,或先水洗後再層積。(6) |
| Fortunella spp. | 金柑類,金棗類 | 21(6) | 泡水1天後播種(6) | |
| Fragaria x hybrida | 草苺, Strawberries | 18(2) | 21-28(2) | 略遮,種子播於表面。(2) |
| Fragaria spp. | 草苺屬, Strawberry | 20/30;20(3) | 7-28(3) | |
| Fraxinus formosana | 台灣白臘樹,白雞油,光臘樹 | 25(1) | 5-21(1) | 大宗播種以溫水(30-40℃)浸種一日;少量則以低溫層積1-3個月,或室溫層積2-4週。(1) |
| Fraxinus spp. | 白臘樹類 | 20/30,18/22(6) | 10-56(6) | 冷層積3個月後,室溫層積0-12週再冷層積2-12週。或室溫層積8週再冷層積30週。(6) |
| Freesia refracta | 小蒼蘭, Fresia | 20;15(3) | 7-35(3) | 冷層積,種子戳孔或除去種皮部分(3) |
| Freesia x hybrida | 小蒼蘭,香雪蘭, Freesia | 21(2) | 11-20(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Fuchsia spp. | 金鐘類 | 15(6) | 28(6) | 照光發芽。(6) |
| Gaillardia aristata | 荔枝菊, Blanket flower | 20/30;20(3) | 4-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) |
| Gaillardia pulchella | 天人菊, Blanket flower | 20/30;20(3) | 4-21(3) | 光線,冷層積(3) |
| Gaillardia x grandiflora | 大花天人菊, Gaillardia, Blanket flower | 21-24(2) | 5-15(2) | 照光(2) |
| Galega officinalis | Goat's rue | 20/30;20(3) | 3-14(3) | 浸種24小時(3) |
| Galeopsis segetum | 20/30,15(3) | 7-21(3) | 冷層積,硬粒種子行刻傷處理(3) | |
| Galium boreale | 豬殃殃類 | 20/30(6) | 冷層積,照光發芽(6) | |
| Gamolepis tagetes | Steirodiscus | 15-21(2) | 5-6(2) | 照光(2) |
| Garcinia mangostana | 倒捻子,鳳果 | 25-30(6) | 28(6) | 照光(6) |
| Garcinia spp. | 鳳果類,福木類 | 21(6) | 先泡水1天然後暖層積。(6) | |
| Garcinia subelliptica | 福樹,福木 | 25(1) | 25-60(1) | 低層積處理4-6個月,可縮短發芽時間及使發芽整齊。(1) |
| Gaultheria shallon | 30(6) | 冷層積30-60天(6) | ||
| Gaura lindheimeri | 玉蝶花, Gaura | 21-22(2) | 5-11(2) | 照光(2) |
| Gaylussacia spp. | 30(6) | 浸水1天後,冷層積 / 溫層積來回數次(6) | ||
| Gazaina splendens | 勳章菊, Gazaina | 21(2) | 10-12(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Gazania rigens | 勳章菊, Treasure flower | 20/30,15(3) | 4-21(3) | 冷層積(3) |
| Gentiana acaulis | 龍膽, Trumpet gentian | 20/30;20(3) | 7-28(3) | 冷層積(3) |
| Gentiana davadii | 台灣龍膽 | 25/20(4) | 21-28(4) | |
| Gentiana flavomaculata | 玉山龍膽 | 23/13(4) | 21-42(4) | |
| Gentiana spp. | 龍膽類 | 15(6) | 60(6) | 冷層積9週。GA, 400 ppm(6) |
| Geranium hybridum | 天竺葵, Cranis-bill | 20/30(3) | 7-28(3) | 種子戳孔或除去種皮部分(3) |
| Geranium spp. | 20/30(6) | 28(6) | 割痕處理。(6) | |
| Gerbera jamesonii | 非洲菊, Tronsvaal-daidy | 20/30;20(3), 20-24(2) | 4-14(3), 10-14(2) | 遮陰(2) |
| Geum chiloense | 水楊梅, Geum, Avens | 20/30;20(3) | 7-21(3) | 光線(3) |
| Geum quellyon | Geum | 18-21(2) | 8-15(2) | 照光(2) |
| Gilia tricolor | 三色旗 | 20/30,15(3) | 4-14(3) | |
| Gilla spp. | 15(6) | 8(6) | ||
| Ginkgo biloba | 銀杏,公孫樹,白果 | 20-25(1), 20/30(3) | 28-42(1), 10-30(3) | 機械破殼,浸清水一天後播種;或低溫層積待播。(1); 除去種皮(3) |
| Gladiolus spp. | 菖蒲類 | 20(6) | 16(6) | 水分宜充足(6) |
| Gleditsia triacanthos | 美國皂莢, Honeey or soweet locust | 20(3) | 7-21(3) | 種子戮孔或切除子葉末端的種皮部分,並浸3小時(3) |
| Glycine javanica | 爪哇大豆, Rhodesian Kudzu | 20/30;10/35(3) | 4-10(3) | |
| Glycine max | 大豆, Soybean | 20/30;25(3) | 5-8(3) | |
| Gmelina arborea | 雲南石梓,石梓 | 20-25(1) | 7-25(1) | 層積處理或浸種一日後播種。(1) |
| Gmelina phillipensis | 菲律賓石梓 | 22-28(5) | ||
| Gnaphalium microcephalum | 15(6) | 照光(6) | ||
| Godetia whitneyi | 15,20/30(6) | 14(6) | 照光發芽。冷層積(6) | |
| Gomphrena globosa | 千日紅, Globe-amaranthus | 20/30;20(3), 21-26(2) | 4-14(3), 10-15(2) | 以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3) |
| Goniolimon tataricum | 韃靼駝舌草 | 20/30(3) | 5-21(3) | 浸水24小時(3) |
| Gossypium spp. | 棉花類, Cotton | 20/30;25(3) | 4-12(3) | |
| Grevillea robusta | 銀樺. Silver-oak | 20-25(1), 20/30(3) | 10-50(1), 7-28(3) | 冷水浸種24hr(1); 冷層積,以0.2%的硝酸鉀代替水(3)。冷層積30天(#)。 |
| Grindelia stricta | 20(6) | 14(6) | ||
| Gypsophila elegans | 霞草,大花滿天星, Annual Gypsophyla, Baby's breath | 20;15(3), 21-24(2) | 4-14(3), 7-10(2) | 光線(3) |
| Gypsophila pacifica | 15(6) | 8(6) | ||
| Gypsophila paniculata | 宿根滿天星, Baby's breath | 20;15(3), 21-26(2) | 4-14(3), 5-10(2) | 光線(3); 照光(2) |
| Gypsophila repens | 伏地滿天星, Creeping Baby's breath | 20;15(3), 21-26(2) | 4-14(3), 5-10(2) | 光線(3); 照光(2) |