引用文獻

大矢庄吉1937 台北お中心とする花卉園芸の発達(一)。熱帯園芸 7: 35-46。

山田金治 1932 さうしじゆ（相思樹）種子ノ発芽促進試験。台湾総督府中央研究所林業部報告 12: 27∼40。

王文龍 1983 臺灣產植物種子油之性狀。食品工業 15(2): 24-30。

王世彬、林讚標、簡慶德 1995 林木種子儲藏性質的分類。林業試驗所研究報告 10: 255-276。

王仕賢、謝明憲、王仁晃、林棟樑 2003 平地甘藍親本採種技術。台南區農業專訊 (45): 5-9。

王裕文、郭華仁 1990 種子分析巨集程式。台灣大學農藝學系，台北。

四方治五郎 1976 ジベレリンによる大麦アミラーゼの生成：回想と総説。植物化学調節学会 11: 3-8。

朱鈞、郭華仁、邱淑芬 1980 一、二期水稻發育中穀粒乾物質之蓄積與充實特性。科學發展月刊 8: 414-427。

李勇毅、E.C. Yeung、李哖、鍾美珠 2008 台灣蝴蝶蘭的胚發育。中央研究院植物學彙刊 49: 139–146。(英文)

米倉賢一 2008 有機水稲育苗(プール＆陸苗)の栽培要点(はやわかり育苗マニュアル) 改訂版。日本有機稲作研究所，靜岡県三島市。

余宣穎 2003 小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽生態學之研究。國立台灣大學農藝學系碩士論文。台北。

宋戴炎(譯) 1964 種子生活力之速測法。行政院農業復興委員會，台北。

沈書甄 2002 流蘇與呂宋莢迷之種子休眠與其果實與種子發育過程中形態形成之硏究。國立臺灣大學植物學硏究所碩士論文，台北。

何麗敏、宋妤、張武男 2004 促進苦瓜種子發芽之技術。興大園藝 29: 27-42。

辛金霞、戎鬱萍 2010 化學雜交劑在植物育種中的應用現狀。草業科學 27: 124-131。

和田富吉、前田英三 1981 イネ科植物子実の背部維管束、珠心突起および転送細胞に関する比較形態学的研究。日本作物学会紀事 50: 199-209。

林讚標 1995 數種殼斗科植物種子之儲藏性質－赤皮、青剛櫟、森氏櫟與高山櫟。林業試驗所研究報告 10: 9-13。

林讚標、簡慶德 1995 六種楨楠屬植物種子之不耐旱特性。林業試驗所研究報告 10: 217-226。

近藤萬太郎 1933 日本農林種子学。上、下冊，養賢堂，東京。

周玲勤、張喜寧 2004 台灣金線連、彩葉蘭及其F1雜交種之種子發芽。中央研究院植物學彙刊 45: 143-147。(英文)

姚美吉 2004 植物防疫檢疫重要積穀害蟲簡介。路光暉(主編)：植物重要防疫檢疫害蟲診斷鑑定研習會專刊(四)。行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局出版，頁63-95。

姚美吉 2005 積穀害蟲防治手冊。農業試驗所。

施佳宏、郭華仁 1996 木瓜種子的電導度測驗。台大農院研報 36: 247-258。

張清安 2005 種傳病毒之特性、檢測與管理。植物病理學會刊 14: 77-88。

笠原安夫 1976 走査電子顕微鏡で見た雑草種実の造形。養賢堂，東京。

許建昌 1975 台灣的禾草。台灣省教育會，台北。

郭華仁 1984 種子的壽命與其預測。科學農業 32: 361-369。

郭華仁 1985 充實期間環境因素與成熟種子發芽能力。科學農業 33: 9-13。

郭華仁 1986 預測水稻種子活力的改良電導度法。中華農學會報(新) 136: 1-5。

郭華仁 1988 提高種子品質的研究策略。林俊義、陳培昌(主編)：園藝種苗產銷技 術研討會專刊。行政院農業委員會種苗改良繁殖場，頁147-158。

郭華仁 1990 觀賞植物種子休眠的解除方法。種苗通訊 (3): 3。

郭華仁 1991 甜瓜種子儲藏壽命的預估。台大農院研報 31: 22-29。

郭華仁 1994 薺(Capsella bursa-pastoris)種子在變溫條件下的發芽。台大農學院研究報告 34: 9-20。

郭華仁 1995 野花種子：英國的經驗。種苗通訊 (22): 3-5。

郭華仁 2004a 種子生態與雜草管理。中華民國雜草學會會刊 25: 53-68。

郭華仁 2004b 專利與植物育種家權的接軌及其問題。植物種苗 6: 1-10。

郭華仁 (編) 2005 遺傳資源的取得與利益分享。國立台灣大學農藝學系。40頁。

郭華仁 2011 植物遺傳資源取得的國際規範。見：張哲瑋、楊儒民、張淑芬 (編) 2010 『熱帶及亞熱帶果樹種原保存利用研討會專刊』，農委會農試所，霧峰。

郭華仁、朱鈞 1979 種子休眠的機制：磷酸五碳醣路線假說。科學農業 27: 71-77。

郭華仁、朱鈞 1981 種子滲調法。科學農業 29: 381-383。

郭華仁、朱鈞 1983 水稻穀粒休眠性與catalase無關之證據。農學會報(新) 123: 13-20。

郭華仁、朱鈞 1986 浸潤脫水處理對水稻種子儲藏特性的延長效果：處理的條件。中華農學會報(新) 133: 16-23。

郭華仁、江敏、應紹舜 1997 三宅勉、是石鞏「臺灣雜草種子型態查」修訂。雜草學會會刊 18: 60-98。

郭華仁、沈明來、曾美倉1990 溫度與種子水份含量對蜀黍種子儲藏壽命的影響。中華農學會報(新) 149: 32-41。

郭華仁、周桂田 2004 基改作物的全球經驗。見(郭華仁、牛惠之編)「基因改造議題講座：從紛爭到展望」，行政院農委會動植物防疫檢疫局，頁120-157。

郭華仁、陳博惠 1992 黃野百合與南美豬屎豆硬實種子解除方法對種子發芽及滲透性的影響。台大農學院研究報告 32: 346 – 357。

郭華仁、陳博惠 2003 水田土中鴨舌草種子數目的季節性變化。雜草學會會刊 24：1-8。

郭華仁、鄭興陸 2013 種籽保典：農民留種手冊。財團法人浩然基金會編印。51頁。

郭華仁、蔡元卿 2006 栽培植物的命名。台灣之種苗(85): 15-19。

郭華仁、蔡新舉 1997 土中薺菜種子發芽能力的週年變遷。雜草學會會刊18: 19-28。

郭華仁、謝銘洋、黃鈺婷 2002 美國植物專利保護法制及植物品種專利核准案件解析。專利法保護植物品種之法制趨勢研討會，台大農藝學系。

郭華仁、謝銘洋、陳怡臻、劉東和、黃鈺婷、盧軍傑 2000 植物育種家權利解讀。國立台灣大學農藝學系。36頁。

陳哲民 1996 植物油抑制植物病原真菌胞子發芽之效果。花蓮區研究彙報12: 71-90。

陳博惠 1995 鴨舌草種子發芽與休眠之生理生態學研究。國立台灣大學農藝學系碩士論文，台北。

陳舜英、陳昶諺、黃俊揚、簡慶德 2008 千金榆種子的發芽與休眠。台灣林業 34(6): 16-19。

馮丁樹 2004 稻種調製與品質關係。課程講義，台大生物機電工程學系。http://www.bime.ntu.edu.tw/~dsfon/graindrying/riceconditioning.pdf

黃秀珍、胡仲祺、張瑞璋、邱安隆、曾國欽 2013 建立符合國際規範之瓜類種子傳播果斑病菌檢測技術平台。植物種苗生技 (33): 26-31。

黃鈺婷、郭華仁 1998 植物的名稱與商標。邱阿昌(編) 1998 農友種苗30年。頁89-94。農友種苗公司，高雄。

楊正釧、郭幸榮、李瓊美 2008a 蘭嶼木薑子、毛柿與蘭嶼肉豆蔻種子的發芽與儲藏性質。 中華林學季刊 41: 309-321。

楊正釧、郭幸榮、李瓊美 2008b 鹿皮斑木薑子種子的發芽與儲藏性質。台灣林業科學 23: 309-321。

楊軒昂 2001 類地毯草及兩耳草種子的發芽生態學。國立台灣大學農藝學系碩士論文。

楊勝任、陳心怡 2004 台灣具翅散殖體植物分類研究。中華林學季刊 37: 1-28。

楊勝任、薛雅文 2002 台灣具翅種子形態之研究。中華林學季刊 35: 221-242。

劉寶瑋、扈伯爾 1980 休眠性及發芽性水稻種子中再生細胞核DNA含量。中研院植物學彙刊 21:15-23。(英文)

簡萬能 1992 臺灣蘆竹受精前胚囊之微細構造。Taiwania 37: 85-103。(英文)

簡萬能 2004 台灣蘆竹胚乳發育之微細構造，從分化至成熟過程。中研院植物學彙刊 45: 69-85。(英文)

簡慶德 2005 林木種子技術。見《台灣農家要覽》，林業篇，三、造林技術(之一)增修訂三版，頁11-16。豐年社，台北。

簡慶德、楊正釧、林讚標 2004香葉樹、大香葉樹、臺灣雅楠、紅葉樹與山龍眼種子的儲藏性質。台灣林業科學 19: 119-31。

簡慶德、楊佳如、鍾永立、林讚標 1995 暖溫和低溫之組合層積促進臺灣紅豆杉種子的發芽。林業試驗所研究報告 10 : 331-336。

嚴新富 2005 台灣外來種植物的引種與利用。見侯福分、郭華仁、楊宏瑛、張聖賢(編)《台灣植物資源之多樣性發展研討會專刊》，頁43‐61。花蓮區農業改良場，花蓮。

蘇育萩 1995 水稻田用早苗蓼作為綠肥之研究。國立台灣大學農化學系博士論文，台北。

蘇育萩、鍾仁賜、黃振增、郭華仁、林鴻淇 1999 早苗蓼在浸水土壤中的礦化作用。中國農業化學會誌 37: 215-224。

Achinewhu, S.C., C.C. Ogbonna and A.D. Hart 1995 Chemical composition of indigenous wild herbs, spices, fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables used as food. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 48: 341-348.

Aldridge, C.D., and R.J. Probert 1993 Seed development, the accumulation of abscisic acid and desiccation tolerance in the aquatic grasses Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka and Oryza sativa L. Seed Science Research 3: 97-103.

Amen, R.D. 1968 A model of seed dormancy. The Botanical Review 34: 1–31.

Ara, H., U. Jaiswal and V.S. Jaiswal 2000 Synthetic seed: prospects and limitations. Current Science 78: 1438-1443.

Arditti, J. and A.K.A. Ghani 2000 Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications. New Phytologist 145: 367-421.

Ashraf, M. and M.R. Foolad 2005 Pre-sowing seed treatment—a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy 88: 223-271.

Ball, D.A. and D. Miller 1989 A comparison of techniques for estimation of arable soil seed banks and their relationship to weed flora. Weed Research 29: 365-373.

Ball, S.G.., M.H.B.J. van de Wal and R.G.F. Visser 1998 Progress in understanding the biosynthesis of amylase. Trends in Plant Science 3: 462-467.

Barker, D., B. Freese and G. Kimbrell 2013 Seed Giants vs. U.S. Farmers : A Report by the Center for Food Safety & Save Our Seeds. Center for Food Safety, Washington, DC.

Barkworth, M.E. 1982 Embryological characters and the taxonomy of the Stipeae (Gramineae). Taxon 31: 233-243.

Baskin, C.C. and J.M. Baskin 1988 Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. American Journal of Botany 75: 286-305.

Baskin, C.C. and J.M. Baskin 2014 Seeds – Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. 2nd edition, Academic Press, San Diego.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1984 Role of temperature in regulating timing of germination in soil seed reserves of Labium purpureum. Weed Research 24: 341-349.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1985a Does seed dormancy play a role in the germination ecophysiology of Rumex crispus? Weed Science 33: 340-344.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1985b Seed germination ecophysiology of the woodland spring geophyte Erythronium albidum. Botanical Gazette 146: 130-136.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1989a Physiology of dormancy and germination in relation to seed bank ecology. In M.A. Leck , V.T. Parker and R.L. Simpson (eds.), Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 53-66.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1989b Germination responses of buried seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris exposed to seasonal temperature changed. Weed Research 29: 205-212.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 1990 The role of light and alternating temperatures on germination of Polygonum aviculare seeds exhumed on various dates. Weed Research 30: 397-402.

Baskin, J.M. and C.C. Baskin 2004 A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14: 1-16.

Basu, R.N. 1977 Seed treatment for vigour, viability and productivity. Indian Farming 27: 27-28.

Bayer, C. and O. Appel 1996 Occurrence and taxonomic significance of ruminate endosperm. Botanical Review 62: 301- 310.

Bekendam, J. and R. Grob 1979 Handbook for Seedling Evaluation. 2nd ed., ISTA, Zurich.

Bennett J.O., H.K. Krishnan, W.J. Wiebold and H.B. Krishnan 2003 Positional effect on protein and oil content and composition of soybeans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 6882-6886.

Berggren, G. 1963 Is the ovule type of importance for the water absorption of the ripe seeds? Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 57: 377-395.

Berjak, P. and N.W. Pammenter 2008 From Avicennia to Zizania: Seed recalcitrance in perspective. Annals of Botany 101: 213–228.

Berjak, P. and T.A. Villiers 1972 Ageing in plant embryos. II. Age-induced damage and its repair during early germination. New Phytologist 71: 135-144.

Berjak, P., M. Dini and N.W. Pammenter 1984 Possible mechanisms underlying the differing dehydration responses in recalcitrant and orthodox seeds: desiccation-associated subcellular changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. Seed Science and Technology 12: 365–384.

Bett-Garber, K.L., E.T. Champagne, A,M. McClung, K,A. Moldenhauer, S,D. Linscombe and K.S. McKenzie 2001 Categorizing rice cultivars based on cluster analysis of amylose content, protein content and sensory attributes. Cereal Chemistry 78: 551–558.

Bewley, J.D. and M. Black 1978 Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination. Vol.1, Development, Germination, and Growth. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Bewley, J.D. and M. Black 1994 Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. Second ed., Plenum Press, New York and London.

Bewley, J.D., D.W.M. Leung and F.B. Ouellette 1983 The cooperative role of endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase in the mobilization of endosperm cell wall hemicelluloses of germinated lettuce seed. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 17: 137-152.

Bewley, J.D., K.J. Bradford, H.W.M. Hilhorst and H. Nonogaki 2012 Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Bhatnagar, S.P. and B.M. Johri 1972 Development of angiosperm seeds. In T.T. Kozlowski (ed.), Seed Biology. Vol. I, Academic Press, N. Y. pp. 77-149.

Bicknella, R.A. and A.M. Koltunow 2004 Understanding apomixis: recent advances and remaining conundrums. The Plant Cell 16: S228–S245. (Supplement)

Biddle, A.J. 1981 Harvesting damage in pea seed and its influence on vigour. Acta Horticulturae 111: 243-248.

Bierhuizen, J.F. and W.A. Wagenvoort 1974 Some aspects of seed germination in vegetables. I. The determination and application of heat sums and minimum temperature for germination. Scientia Horticulturae 2: 213-219.

Black, M., J.D. Bewley and P. Halmer (eds.) 2006 The Encyclopedia of Seeds: Science, Thchnology and Uses. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK.

Blakeney, M. 2009 Intellectual Property Rights and Food Security. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.

Boesewinkel, F.D. and F. Bouman, 1984 The seed: Structure. In B.M. Johri (ed.), 1984 Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 567-610.

Bohart, G.E. and T.W. Koerber 1972 Insects and seed production. In T.T. Kozlowwski (ed.), Seed Biology, Vol 3, Academic Press, New York. pp. 1–50.

Borthwick, H.A., S.B. Hendricks, M.W. Parker, E.H. Toole and V.K. Toole 1952 A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 38: 662-666.

Boswell, J.G. 1941 The biological decomposition of cellulose. New Phytologist 40: 20-33.

Bould, A. 1986 Handbook on Seed Sampling. ISTA, Zurich.

Bouwmeester, H.J. and C.M. Karssen 1992 The dual role of temperature in the regulation of the seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia 90: 88-94.

Bradford, K. and H. Nonogaki (eds.) 2007 Seed Development, Dormancy, and Germination. Blackwell Publing, Oxford and Iowa.

Bridges, D.C. and R.H. Walker 1985 Influence of weed management and cropping system on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed in soil. Weed Science 33: 800-804.

Brocklehurst, P.A. 1977 Factors controlling grain weight in wheat. Nature 266: 348-349.

Brown, R.F. and D.G. Mayer 1988 Representing cumulative germination. 2. The use of the Weibull function and other empirically derived curves. Annals of Botany 61: 127-138.

Brown, R.J. 1989 Wildflower seed mixtures: Supply and demand in the horticultural insudtry. In G.P. Buckley, (ed.), Biological Habitat Reconstruction. Belhaven Press, London. p. 201-220.

Buitink, J. and O. Leprince 2004 Glass formation in plant anhydrobiotes: survival in the dry state. Cryobiology 48: 215–228.

Burger, W.C. 1998 The question of cotyledon homology in angiosperms. The Botanical Review 64: 356-371.

Buttenschoen, H. 1978 Problems in maintaining and seed production of modern vegetable varieties of different fitness. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzuechtung 81: 188-202.

Casal, J.J., A.N. Candia and R. Sellaro 2013 Light perception and signalling by phytochrome A. Journal of Experimental Botany doi:10.1093/jxb/ert379

Cavers, P.B. and M.G. Steel 1984 Patterns of change in seed weight over time on individual plants. American Naturalist 124: 324-335.

Chang, T.T. 1991 Findings from a 28-yr seed viability experiment. International Rice Research Newsletter 16:5-6.

Chapman, J. M. and H.V. Davies 1983 Control of the breakdown of food reserves in germinating dicotyledonous seeds — A reassessment. Annals of Botany 52: 593-595.

Chaudhury, R., and K.S.P. Chandel 1994 Germination studies and cryopreservation of seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) -- a recalcitrant species. CryoLetters 15: 145-150.

Chen, P.H. and W.H.J. Kuo 1995 Germination conditions for the non-dormant seeds of Monochoria vaginalis. Taiwania 40: 419-432.

Chen, P.H. and W.H.J. Kuo 1999 Seasonal changes in the germination of the buried seeds of Monochoria vaginalis. Weed Research 39: 107-115.

Chen, S.S.C. and J.L.L. Chang 1972 Does gibberellic acid stimulates seed germination via amylase synthesis? Plant Physiology 49: 441–442.

Cheng, J., L. Wang, W. Du, Y. Lai, X. Huang, Z. Wang and H. Zhang 2014 Dynamic quantitative trait locus analysis of seed dormancy at three development stages in rice. Molecular Breeding 1-10. DOI 10.1007/s11032-014-0053-z.

Chick, J.H., R.J. Cosgriff and L.S. Gittinger 2003 Fish as potential dispersal agents for floodplain plants: First evidence in North America. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60: 1437–1439.

Chien, C.T. and S.Y. Chen 2008 Seed storage behaviour of Phoenix hanceana (Arecaceae). Seed Science and Technology 36: 780-786.

Chien, C.T. and T.P. Lin 1994 Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide in improving the germination of Cinnamomum camphora seed. Seed Science and Technology 22: 231-236.

Chien, C.T., J.M. Baskin, C.C. Baskin and S.Y. Chen 2010 Germination and storage behaviour of seeds of the subtropical evergreen tree Daphniphyllum glaucescens (Daphniphyllaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 58: 294–299.

Chien, C.T., L.L. Kuo-Huang and T.P. Lin 1998 Changes in ultrastructure and abscisic acid level, and response to applied gibberellins in Taxus mairei seeds treated with warm and cold stratification. Annals of Botany 81: 41–47.

Chin, H.F. and E.H. Roberts (eds.) 1980 Recalcitrant Crop Seeds. Tropical Press SDN. BHD. Kuala Lumpur.

Ching, T.M. 1972 Metabolism of germinating seeds. In Kozlowski, T.T. (ed.), Seed Biology. Vol.2, Academic Press, New York. pp. 103-218.

Ching, T.M., J.M. Crane and D.L. Stamp 1974 Adenylate energy pool and energy charge in maturing rape seeds. Plant Physiology 54: 748-751.

Chiwocha, S. and P. von Aderkas 2002 Endogenous levels of free and conjugated forms of auxin, cytokinins and abscisic acid during seed development in Douglas fir. Plant Growth Regulation 36: 191–200.

Chojecki, A.J.S., M.W. Bayliss and M.D. Gale 1986 Cell production and DNA accumulation in the wheat endosperm, and their association with grain weight. Annals of Botany 58: 809-817.

Chrispeels, M.J. and J. E. Varner 1976 Hormonal control of enzyme synthesis: on the mode of action of gibberellic acid and abscisin in aleurone layers of barley. Plant Physiology 42: 1008-1016.

Cochrane, M.P. 1983 Endosperm cell number in cultivars of barley differing in grain weight. Annals of Applied Biology 102: 177-181.

Côme, D. and T. Tlssaoul 1973 Interrelated effects of imbibition, temperature and oxygen on seed germination. In: W. Heydecker (ed.) Seed Ecology. The Pennsylvania State University Press, Univ. Park, Penn. pp. 157-168.

Commuri, P.D. and R.J. Jones 2001 High temperatures during endosperm cell division in maize: A genotypic comparison under in vitro and field conditions. Crop Science 41: 1130–1136.

Cone, J.W., Jaspers, P.A.P.M. and Kendrick, R.E. 1985 Biphasic fluence-response curves for light induced germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant, Cell & Environment 8: 605–612.

Contreras, S., M.A. Bennett, J.D. Metzger and D. Tay 2008 Maternal light environment during seed development affects lettuce seed weight, germinability, and storability. Hortscience 43: 845–852.

Copeland, L.O. and M.B. McDonald 2001 Production: Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Corbineau, F. and D. Côme 1995 Control of seed germination and dormancy by the gaseous environment. In: J. Kigel and A. Galili (eds.), Seed Development and Germination. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 397-424.

Corner, E.J.H. 1976 The Seeds of Dicotyledon. Vol.1-2. Cambridge University Press, London.

Courtney, A.D. 1968 Seed dormancy and field emergence in Polygonum aviculare. Journal of Applied Ecology 5: 675684.

Covell, S., R.H. Ellis, E.H. Roberts and R.J. Summerfield 1986 The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. I. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean and cowpea at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany 37:705-715.

Cresswell, E.G. and J.P. Grime 1981 Induction of a light requirement during seed development and its ecological consequences. Nature 291: 583-585.

Cyr, D.R. 2000 Seed substitutes from the laboratory. In M. Black and J.D. Bewley (eds.), Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield, Academic Press. pp. 326–372.

Czaja, A.Th. 1978 Structure of starch grains and the classification of vascular plant families. Taxon 27: 463-470.

Dahal, P. and K.J. Bradford 1994 Hydrothermal time analysis of tomato seed germination at suboptimal temperature and reduced water potential. Seed Science Research 4: 71–80.

Dalling, J.W. 2005 The fate of seed banks: Factors influencing seed survival for light-demanding species in moist tropical forests. In P.M. Forget, J.E. Lambert, P.E. Hulme and S.B. Vander Wall (eds.), Seed Fate: Predation, Dispersal, and Seedling Establishment. CABI Publishing, Wallingford. pp. 31-44.

Davey, J.E. and J. van Staden 1979 Cytokinin activity in Lupinus albus L. IV.  Distribution in seeds. Plant Physiology 63: 873-877.

Davis, G.L. 1966 Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms. Wiley, New York.

Daws, M.I., N.C. Garwood and H.W. Pritchard 2005 Prediction of desiccation sensitivity in seeds of woody species: A probabilistic model based on two seed traits and 104 species. Annals of Botany 97: 667–674.

Deleuran, L.C., M.H. Olesen and B. Boelt 2013 Spinach seed quality: potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll fluorescence sorting. Seed Science Research 23: 271-278.

Demir, I. and R.H. Ellis 1992a Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato. Seed Science Research 2: 81-87.

Demir, I. and R.H. Ellis 1992b Development of pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed quality. Annals of Applied Biology 121:385-399.

Demir, I. and R.H. Ellis 1993 Changes in potential seed longevity and seedling growth during seed development and maturation in marrow. Seed Science Research 3: 247-257.

Denardin, C.C. and L.P. da Silva 2009 Estrutura dos grânulos de amido e sua relação com propriedades físico-químicas. Ciência Rural 39: 945-954.

Desai, B.B. 2004 Seeds Handbook: Biology, Production, Processing, and Storage. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Dickie, J.B. and H.W. Pritchard 2002 Systematic and evolutionary aspects of desiccation tolerance in seeds. In M. Black & H.W. Pritchard (eds) Desiccation and Survival in Plants: Drying Without Dying. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 239–259.

Dickie, J.B., R.H. Ellis, H.L. Kraak, K. Ryder and P.B. Tompsett 1990 Temperature and seed storage longevity. Annals of Botany 65: 97-204.

Doneen, L.D. and J.H. MacGillivray 1943 Germination (emergence) of vegetable seed as affected by different soil moisture conditions. Plant Physiology 18: 524–529.

Douglas, J.E.P. (ed.), 1980 Successful Seed Programs: A Planning and Management Guide. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.

Dure III, L., S. Greenway and G.A. Galau 1981 Developmental biochemistry of cotton seed embryogenesis and germination XIV. Changing mRNA populations as shown in vitro and in vivo protein synthesis. Biochemistry 20: 4162–4168.

Edwards, P.J., J. Kollmann and K. Fleischmann 2002 Life history evolution in Lodoicea maldivica (Arecaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 22: 227–238.

Egley, G.H. and R.D. Williams 1990 Decline of weed seeds and seeding emergence over five years as affected by soil disturbances. Weed Science 38: 504-510.

Egli, D.B. 1981 Species differences in seed growth characteristics. Field Crops Research 4: 1-12.

Egli, D.B. and D.M. TeKrony 1997 Species differences in seed water status during seed maturation and germination. Seed Science Research 7: 3-12.

Elias, S.G., L.O. Copeland, M.B. McDonald and R.Z. Baalbaki 2012 Seed Testing: Principles and Practices. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing.

Eliasson, A.C., and M. Gudmundsson 1996 Starch: physicochemical and functional aspects. In A.C. Eliasson (ed.), Carbohydrates in Food. Marcel Dekker, New York. p 391-469.

Ellis, R. H. and E.H. Roberts 1981 The quantification of aging and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology 9: 373-409.

Ellis, R.H. 1991 The longevity of seeds. HortScience 26: 1119-1125.

Ellis, R.H. and C. Pieta Filho 1992 The development of seed quality in spring and winter cultivars of barley and wheat. Seed Science Research 2: 9-15.

Ellis, R.H. and E.H. Roberts 1980 Improved equations for the prediction of seed longevity. Annals of Botany 45: 13-30.

Ellis, R.H. and T.D. Hong 2006 Temperature sensitivity of the low-moisture-content limit to negative seed longevity–moisture content relationships in hermetic storage. Annals of Botany 97: 785–791.

Ellis, R.H., and T.D. Hong 1994 Desiccation tolerance and potential longevity of developing seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Botany 73: 501-506.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1985a Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks. Vol.1, Principles and Methodology. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1985b Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks. Vol.2, Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1989a A comparison of the low-moisture-content limit to the logarithmic relation between seed moisture and longevity in twelve species. Annals of Botany 63: 601-611.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1989b Response of seed germination in three genera of compositae to white light of varying photon flux density and photoperiod. Journal of Experimental Botany 40: 13-22.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1992 The low-moisture-content limit to the negative logarithmic relation between and longevity and moisture content in the three subspecies of rice. Annals of Botany 69: 53-58.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and M.T. Jackson 1993 Seed production environment, time of harvest, and the potential longevity of seeds of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Botany 72: 583-590.

Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong, E.H. Roberts and K.L. Tao 1990 Low moisture content limits to relations between seed longevity and moisture. Annals of Botany 65: 493-504.

Ellis. R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts 1990 An intermediate category of seed storage behaviour? I. Coffee. Journal of Experimental Botany 41: 1167-1174.

Emery, N. and C. Atkins 2006 Cytokinins and seed development. In A.S. Basra (ed.), Handbook of Seed Science and Technology. Food Products Press, New York. pp. 63-93.

Enoch, I.C. 1980 Morphology of germination. In H.F. Chin and E.H. Roberts (eds.), Recalcitrant Crop Seeds. Tropical Press SDN. BHD. Kuala Lumpur. pp. 6-37.

ETC Group 2013 Putting the Cartel before the Horse…and Farm, Seeds, Soil, Peasants. Who Will Control Agricultural Inputs? Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentration. Communiqué No. 111, p. 6.

Etzler, M.E. 1985 Plant lectins: molecular and biological aspects. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 36: 209-234.

Evangelista, D., S. Hotton and J. Dumais 2011 The mechanics of explosive dispersal and self-burial in the seeds of the filaree, Erodium cicutarium (Geraniaceae). Journal of Experimental Biology 214: 521-529.

Evenari, M. 1965 Light and seed dormancy. In W. Ruhland (ed.) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 15/2: 804-847.

Fahn, A. and E. Werker 1972 Anatomical mechanisms of seed dispersal. In: T.T. Kozlowski, ed(s). Seed Biology. Vol.1, Academic Press, New York. pp. 151-221.

Faria, J.M.R., J. Buitink, A.A.M. van Lammeren and H.W.M. Hilhorst 2005 Changes in DNA and microtubules during loss and re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinating Medicago truncutula seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 2119–2130.

Farrant, J.M., N.W. Pammenter and P. Berjak 1986 The increasing desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant Avicennia marina seeds with storage time. Physiologia Plantarum 67: 291–298.

Farrant, J.M., N.W. Pammenter and P. Berjak 1988 Recalcitrance - a current assessment. Seed Science and Technology 16:155-166.

Felfoldi, E.M. 1987 Handbook of Pure Seed Definitions. 2nd. ed., ISTA, Zurich.

Fenner, M. 1992 Environmental influences on seed size and composition. Horticultural Review 13: 183-213.

Filner, P. and J.E. Varner 1967 A test of de novo synthesis of enzymes: density labeling with H2O18 of barley α-amylase induced by gibberellic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 58: 1520–1526

Finch-Savage, W.E., S.K. Pramanik and J.D. Bewley 1994 The expression of dehydrin protein in desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds of temperate trees. Planta 193: 478-485.

Flint, L.H. 1934 Light in relation to dormancy and germination in lettuce seed. Science 80: 38-40.

Flint, L.H. and E.D. McAlister 1935 Wavelengths of radiation in the visible spectrum inhibiting the germination of light-sensitive lettuce seed. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 94(5): 1–11.

Flint, L.H. and E.D. McAlister 1937 Wavelengths of radiation in the visible spectrum promoting the germination of light-sensitive lettuce seed. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 96(2): 1–8.

Foley, M.E. 2006 Preharvet sprout – genetics. In J.D. Bewley, M. Black and P. Halmer (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Seeds: Science, Technology and Uses. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK. pp. 528-531.

Forcella, F., K. Eradat-Oskoui and S.W. Wagner 1993 Application of weed seedbank ecology to low-input crop management. Ecological Applications 3: 74-83.

Franke, A.C., L.A.P Lotz, W.J. Van Der Burg and L. Van Overbeek 2008 The role of arable weed seeds for agroecosystem functioning. Weed Research 49: 131–141.

Frankel, O.H. and E. Bennett (eds) 1970 Genetic Resources in Plants: Their Exploration and Conservation. Blackwell, Oxford and Edinburgh.

Friedman, W.E. 1990 Double fertilization in Ephedra, a nonflowering seed plant: Its bearing on the origin of Angiosperms. Science 247: 951 – 954.

Garcia de Castro, M.F. and C.J. Martinez-Honduvilla 1984 Ultrastructural changes in naturally aged Pinus pinea seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 62: 581-588.

Gardner, G. and W.R. Briggs 1974 Some properties of phototransformation of rye phytochrome in vitro. Photochemistry and Photobiology 19: 367-377.

Gates, R.R. 1951 Epigeal germination in the Leguminosae. Botanical Gazette 113: 151-157.

Gee, O.H., R.J. Probert and S.A. Coomber 1994 'Dehydrin-like' proteins and desiccation tolerance in seeds. Seed Science Research 4: 135-141.

Gerhardson, B. 2002 Biological substitutes for pesticides. Trends in Biotechnology 20: 338-343.

Goedert, C.O. and E.H. Roberts 1986 Characterization of alternating-temperature regimes that remove seed dormancy in seeds of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt. Plant, Cell and Environment 9: 521–525.

Gomes, M.P. and Q.S. Garcia 2013 Reactive oxygen species and seed germination. Biologia 68: 351-357.

Gorial, B.Y. and J.R. O'Callaghan 1990 Aerodynamic properties of grain/straw materials. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 46: 275-290.

Graeber, K., K. Nakabayashi, E. Miatton, G. Leubner-Metzger and W.J.J. Soppe 2012 Molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy. Plant, Cell and Environment 35: 1769–1786.

Gray, D., J.R.A. Steckel and J.A. Ward 1985 The effect of plant density, harvest date and method on the yield of seed and components of yield of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). Annals of Applied Biology 107: 547-558.

Grear, J.W. and N.G. Dengler 1976 The seed appendage of Eriosema (Fabaceae). Brittonia 28: 281-288.

Griffin, A.R., C.Y. Wong, R. Wickneswari and E. Chia 1992 Mass production of hybrid seed of Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis in biclonal seed orchards. In: Breeding Technologies for Tropical Acacias. ACIAR-Proceedings, No. 37. Proceeding of an International Workshop, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia, 1-4 July 1991. pp. 70-75.

Grime, J.P. 1989 Seed banks in ecological perspective. In M.A. Leck , V.T. Parker and R.L. Simpson (eds.), Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. xv-xxii.

Groot, S.P.C., .W. van den Bulk, W.J. van der Burg, H. Jalink, C.J. Langerak and J.M. van der Wolf 2005 Production of organic seeds: status, challenges and prospects. Official Newsletter of the WANA Seed Network.

Groot, S.P.C., B. Kieliszewska-Rokicka, E. Vermeer and C.M. Karssen 1988 Gibberellin-induced hydrolysis of endosperm cell walls in gibberellin-deficient tomato seeds prior to radicle protrusion. Planta 174: 500-504.

Groot, S.P.C., J.M. van der Wolf, H. Jalink, C.J. Langerak and R.W. van den Bulk 2004 Challenges for the production of high quality organic seeds. Seed Testing International (127): 12-15.

Groot, S.P.C., Y. Birnbaum, N. Rop, H. Jalink, G. Forsberg, C. Kromphardt, S. Werner and E. Koch 2006 Effect of seed maturity on sensitivity of seeds towards physical sanitation treatments. Seed Science and Technology 34: 403-413.

Guarino, L., V.R. Rao and R. Reid 1995 Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity: Technical Guidelines. CAB International, Wallingford.

Gueguen, J. and P. Cerletti 1994 Proteins of some legume seeds: Soybean, bean, pea, fababean and lupin. In B.J.F. Hudson (ed.), New and Developing Sources of Food Proteins. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 145–193.

Gummerson, R.J. 1986 The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potentials on the germination of sugar beet. Journal of Experimental Botany 179: 729-741.

Gunn, C.R. and L. Lasota 1978 Automated identification of true and surrogate seeds. Biosystematics in Agriculture 2: 241-57.

Hampton, J.G. and D.M. Tekrony (eds.) Handbook of vigour test methods. 3rd ed. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich.

Hanson, J. 1985 Procedures for Handling Seeds in Genebanks. IBPGR, Rome.

Harper, J.L. 1977 Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.

Harper, J.L., P.H. Lovell and K.G. Moore 1970 The Shapes and sizes of seeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1: 327- 356.

Harrington, J.F. 1972 Seed storage and longevity. In (T.T. Kozlowski, ed.) Seed Biology, Vol. III, Academic Press, New York. pp. 145-245.

Harrison, B.J. 1966 Seed deterioration in relation to storage conditions and its influence upon germination, chromosomal damage and plant performance. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 10: 644-663.

Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies and R.L. Geneve 1997 Techniques of seed production and handling. In: H.T. Hartmann and D.E. Kester, (eds.), Plant Propagation – Principles and Practices. 6th edition. Prentice Hall International, Inc.

Hay, E.R., R. Probert, J. Marro and M. Dawson 2000 Towards the ex situ conservation of aquatic angiosperms: A review of seed storage behaviour. In M . Black, K.J. Bradford and J. Vázquez-Ramos (eds), Seed Biology: Advances and Application. CAB International, Wallingford. pp. 161-177.

Hebblethwaite, P.D. (ed.) 1980 Seed Production. Butterworths, London.

Henry, A.G., H.F. Hudson and D.R. Piperno 2009 Changes in starch grain morphologies from cooking. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 915-922.

Herman, E.M. and B.A. Larkins 1999 Protein storage bodies and vacuoles. The Plant Cell 11: 601–613.

Hilhorst, H.W.M. and C.M. Karssen 1992 Seed dormancy and germination: the role of abscisic acid and gibberellins and the importance of hormone mutants. Plant Growth Regulation 11: 225-238.

Hill, A.W. 1906 The morphology and seedling structure of the geophilous species of Peperomia, together with some views on the origin of Monocotyledons. Annals of Botany 20: 395-427.

Hill, J.P., W. Edwards and P.J. Franks 2012 Size is not everything for desiccation-sensitive seeds. Journal of Ecology 100: 1131–1140.

Hodgkison, R., S.T. Balding, A. Zubaid and T.H. Kunz 2003 Fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as seed dispersers and pollinators in a lowland Malaysian rain forest. Biotropica 35: 491-502.

Hofmann, F., M. Otto, W. Wosniok and T.I.E.M. Ökologiebüro 2014 Maize pollen deposition in relation to distance from the nearest pollen source under common cultivation-results of 10 years of monitoring (2001 to 2010). Environmental Sciences Europe 26; 1-24.

Holt, B.F. and G.W. Rothwell 1997 Is Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) really an oviparous plant? American Journal of Botany 84: 870–872.

Honek, A., Z. Martinkova and V. Jarosik 2003 Ground beetles (Carabidae) as seed predators. European Journal of Entomology 100: 531-544.

Hong, T.D. and R.H. Ellis 1996 A protocol to determine seed storage behaviour. International Plant Genetic Resources. Institute, Rome, Italy.

Hong, T.D., S. Linington and R.H. Ellis 1998 Compendium of Information on Seed Storage Behaviour. Vol. I & II. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, England.

Hori, K., K. Sugimoto, Y. Nonoue, Y. Ono, K. Matsubara, U. Yamanouchi, A. Abe, Y.  Takeuchi and M. Yano 2010 Detection of quantitative trait loci controlling pre-harvest sprouting resistance by using backcrossed populations of japonica rice cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120: 1547-1557.

Howard, P. H. 2009 Visualizing consolidation in the global seed industry: 1996-2008. Sustainability 1: 1266-1287.

Hsu, F.H., C.J. Nelson and A.G. Matches 1985 Temperature effects on germination of perennial warm-season forage grasses. Crop Science 25: 215-220.

Hyde, E.O.C. 1954 The function of the hilum in some Papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa. Annals of Botany 18: 241-256.

Ichihara, M., S. Uchida, S. Fujii, M. Yamashita, H. Sawada and H. Inagaki 2014 Weed seedling herbivory by field cricket Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in relation to the depth of seedling emergence. Weed Biology and Management 14: 99-105.

Ingrouille, M. and B. Eddie 2006 Plants: Evolution and Diversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York. p. 166.

Irving, D.W. 1983 Anatomy and histochemistry of Echinochloa turnerana (channel millet) spikelet. Cereal Chemistry 60: 155-160.

Ishimaru, T., T. Matsuda, R. Ohsugi and T. Yamagishi 2003 Morphological development of rice caryopses located at the different positions in a panicle from early to middle stage of grain filling. Functional Plant Biology 30: 1139-1149.

Itoh, J., K. Nonomura, K. Ikeda, S. Yamaki, Y. Inukai, H. Yamagishi, H. Kitano and Y. Nagato 2005 Rice plant development: from zygote to spikelet. Plant and Cell Physiology 46: 23–47.

Jackson, M.B. and C. Parker 1991 Induction of germination by a strigol analogue requires ethylene action in Striga hermonthica but not in S. forbesii. Journal of Plant Physiology 138: 383–386.

Jacobsen J.V. 1984 The Seed: Germination. In B.M. Johri (ed.) Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 611-646.

James, M.G.., K. Denyer and A.M. Myers 2003 Starch synthesis in the cereal endosperm. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6: 215-222.

Jenner, C.F. 1979 Grain-filling in wheat plants shaded for brief periods after anthesis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 6: 629-641.

Jenner, C.F. 1979 Grain-filling in wheat plants shaded for brief periods after anthesis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 6: 629-641.

Johri, B.M. (ed.) 1984 Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Jordan, N. 1992 Weed demography and population dynamics: Implications for threshold management. Weed Technology 6: 184-10.

Juliano, B.0. and J.E. Varner 1969 Enzymic degradation of starch granules in the cotyledons of germinating peas. Plant Physiology 44: 886-892.

Justice, O.L. and L.N. Bass 1978 Principles and Practices of Seed Storage. USDA Agricultural Handbook no. 506.

Kameswara Rao, N., S. Appa Rao, M.H. Mengesha and E.H. Ellis 1991 Longevity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R.Br.) seeds harvested at different stages of maturity. Annals of Applied Biology 119: 97-103.

Karssen, C.M. and E. Laçka 1986 A revision of the hormone balance theory of seed dormancy: Studies on gibberellin and/or abscisic acid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. In: M. Bopp (ed.), Plant Growth Substances 1985. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 315–323.

Karssen, C.M., D.L.C. Brinkhorst-van der Swan, A.E. Breekland and M. Koornneef 1983 Induction of dormancy during seed development by endogenous abscisic acid: studies on abscisic acid deficient genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Planta 157: 158-165.

Karssen, C.M., S. Zagorski, J. Kepczynski and S.P.C. Groot 1989 Key role for endogenous gibberellins in the control of seed germination. Annals of Botany 63: 71-80.

Kelly, A.F. 1988 Seed Production of Agricultural Crops. Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, UK.

Kelly, A.F. 1989 Seed Planning and Policy for Agricultural Production. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Kelly, A.F. and R.A.T. George 1998 Encyclopaedia of Seed Production of World Crops. Jhon Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, Winheim, Brisbane, Singapore and Toranto.

Khan, A.A. 1975 Primary, preventive and permissive roles of hormones in plant systems. Botanical Review 41: 391-420.

Kieffer, M. and M.P. Fuller 2013 In vitro propagation of cauliflower using curd microexplants. Methods in Molecular Biology 994: 329-339.

Kim, S.J. 2006 Networks, scale, and transnational corporations: The case of the South Korean seed industry. Economic Geography 82: 317-338.

Kim, Y.C., M. Nakajima, A. Nakayama and I. Yamaguchi 2005 Contribution of gibberellins to the formation of Arabidopsis seed coat through starch degradation. Plant Cell Physiology 46:1317-1325.

Kleczkowski, K., J. Schell and R. Bandur 1995 Phytohormone conjugates: Nature and Function. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 14: 283-298.

Kloppenburg, J.R. 2004 First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology, 1492-2000. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2nd edition.

Koornneef, M., G. Reuling and C.M. Karssen 1984 The isolation and characterization of abscisic acid-insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiological Plantarum 61: 377–83.

Kraak, H.L. and J. Vos 1987 Seed viability constants for lettuce. Annals of Botany 59: 343-349.

Kranner, I., H. Chen, H.W. Pritchard, S.R. Pearce and S. Birtić 2011 Inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and loss of RNA integrity during seed ageing. Plant Growth Regulation 63: 63–72.

Kuo, W.H.J. 1989 Delayed-permeability of soybean seeds: characteristics and screening methodology. Seed Science and Technology 17: 131-142.

Kuo, W.H.J. 1994 Seed germination of Cyrtococcum patens under alternating temperature regimes. Seed Science and Technology 22: 43-50.

Kuo, W.H.J. and A.W.Y. Tarn 1988 The pathway of water absorption of mungbean seeds. Seed Science and Technology 16: 139-144.

Kuo, W.H.J. and C. Chu 1985 Prophylactic role of hull peroxidase in the dormancy mechanism of rice grain. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 26: 59-66.

Kuo, W.H.J. and Y.W. Wang 1991 Changes of the population parameters of electrolyte conductivities during imbibition of soybean seeds. Chinese Agronomy Journal 1: 57-68.

Kuo, W.H.J., A.C. Yan and N. Leist 1996 Tetrazolium test for the seeds of Salvia splendens and S. farinacea. Seed Science and Technology 24:1 7-21.

Lakshmanan, K.K. and K.B. Ambegaokar 1984 Polyembryo. In B.M. Johri (ed.), 1984 Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 445-474.

Lammerts van Bueren, E.T., R. Ranganathan and N. Sorensen (eds.) 2004 Challenges and Opportunities for Organic Agriculture and the Seed Industry. Proceedings of First World Conference on Organic Seed, 2004, FAO, Rome.

Langkamp, P.J. (ed.) 1987 Germination of Australian Native Plant Seed. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Sydney.

Leck, M.A. 2003 Seed-bank and vegetation development in a created tidal freshwater wetland on the Delaware River, Trenton, New Jersey, USA. Wetlands 23: 310–343.

Leck, M.A., V.T. Parker and R.L.Simpson (eds.) 1989 Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego.

Lengyel S., A.D. Gove, A.M. Latimer, J.D. Majer and R.R. Dunn 2010 Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: a global survey. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics 12: 43-55.

Leo-Kloosterziel, K.M., G.A. van de Bunt, J.A.D. Zeevaart and M. Koornneef 1996 Arabidopsis mutants with a reduced seed dormancy. Plant Physiology 110: 233-240.

Lewis, J.A. and G.R. Fenwick 1987 Glucosinolate content of brassica vegetables: Analysis of twenty-four cultivars of calabrese (green sprouting broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis subvar. cymosa Lam.) Food Chemistry 25: 259–268.

Lin, T.P. 1992 A method of breaking the deep dormancy of Sassafras randaiense (Hay.) Rehd. seed." In S.C. Huang, S.C. Hsieh and D.J. Liu (eds.) The Impact of Biological Research on Agricultural Productivity: Proceedings of the Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asian and Oceania International Symposium. Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asian and Oceania, Changhua.

Lin, T.P. and M.H. Chen 1995 Biochemical characteristics associated with the development of the desiccation-sensitive seeds of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. Annals of Botany 76: 381–387.

Linkies, A. and G. Leubner-Metzger 2012 Beyond gibberellins and abscisic acid: how ethylene and jasmonates control seed germination. Plant Cell Reports 31: 253–270.

Linkies, A., K. Graeber, C. Knight and G. Leubner-Metzger 2012 The evolution of seeds. New Phytologist 186: 817–831.

López-Fernández, M.P. and S. Maldonado 2013 Programmed cell death during quinoa perisperm development. Journal of Experimental Botany 64: 3313-3325.

Lorenzi, R., A. Bennici, P.G. Cionini, A. Alpi and F. D'Amato 1978 Embryo-suspensor relations in Phaseolus coccineus: Cytokinins during seed development. Planta 143: 59-62.

Lott, J.N.A. 1981 Protein bodies in seeds. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 421 – 432.

Madsen, E. and N.E. Langkilde (eds.) 1987 Handbook for Cleaning Agricultural and Horticultural Seeds on Small-Scale Machines. Part 1, ISTA, Zurich.

Mall, U. and G.S. Singh 2014 Soil seed bank dynamics: history and ecological significance in sustainability of different ecosystems. In Fulckar M.K., Pathak B. and Kale R.K., (eds.) Environment and sustainable development. Springer, India. pp: 31-46.

Marinos, N.G. 1970 Embryogenesis of the pea (Pisum sativum) I. The cytological environment of the developing embryo. Protoplasma 70: 261-279.

Marks, M.K. and A.C. Nwachuku 1986 Seed-bank characteristics in a group of tropical weeds. Weed Research 26: 151-157.

Martin, A.C. 1946 The comparative internal morphology of seeds. The American Midland Naturalist 36: 513–660.

Matthews, J.F. and P.A. Levins 1986 The systematic significance of seed morphology in Portulaca (Portulacaceae) under scanning electron microscopy. Systematic Botany 11: 302-308.

Maxwell, C.D., A. Zobel and D. Woodfine 1994 Somatic polymorphism in the achenes of Tragopogon dubius. Canadian Journal of Botany 72: 1282–1288.

McDonald, M.B. and F.Y. Kwong (eds.) 2004 Flower Seeds: Biology and Technology. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK.

Mckay, W. 1936 Factor interaction in Citrullus: Seed-coat color, fruit shape and markings show evidence of Mendelian inheritance in watermelon crosses. Journal of Heredity 27: 110-112.

Meerow, A.W. 1991 Palm Seed Germination. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin 274. p.11.

Mendes, A.J.T. 1941 Cytological observations in Coffea. VI. Embryo and endosperm development in Coffea arabica L. American Journal of Botany 28: 784-789.

Meyer, D.J.L. 2005 Seed development and structure in floral crops. In M.B. McDonald and F.Y. Kwong (eds.), Flower seeds: biology and technology. CABI Pub., Wallingford. pp. 117-144.

Mikulíková D., Š. Masár and J. Kraic 2008 Biodiversity of legume health-promoting starch. Starch/Stärke 60: 426–432.

Milberg, P. 1990 What is the maximum longevity of seeds? Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 84: 323-352.

Milcu, A., J. Schumacher and S. Scheu 2006 Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) affect plant seedling recruitment and microhabitat heterogeneity. Functional Ecology 20: 261-268.

Miller, S.A. and M.L.L. Ivey 2005 Hot water treatment of vegetable seeds to eradicate bacterial plant pathogens in organic production systems. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, HYG-3086-05.

Mishkind, M., N.V. Raikhel, B.A..Palevitz and K. Keegstra 1982 Immunocytochemical localization of wheat germ agglutinin in wheat. The Journal of Cell Biology, 92: 753-764.

Mng’omba, S.A., E.S. du Toit and F.K. Akinnifesi 2007 Germination characteristics of tree seeds: spotlight on Southern African tree species. Tree and Forestry Science and Biotechnology 1: 81-88.

Montague, D. 2000 Farming, Food and Politics: The Merchant’s Tale. IAWS Group Plc, Dublin. pp. 271-272.

Moore, R.P. 1993 Handbook of Tetrazolium Testing. 2nd. ed., ISTA, Zurich.

Morita, S., J.I. Yonemaru and J.I. Takanashi 2005 Grain growth and endosperm cell size under high night temperatures in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Botany 95: 695-701.

Morpeth D.R. and A.M. Hall 2000 Microbial enhancement of seed germination in Rosa corymbifera ‘Laxa’. Seed Science Research 10: 489-494.

Mossé, J., J.-C. Huet and J. Baudet 1988 The amino acid composition of rice grain as a function of nitrogen content as compared with other cereals: A reappraisal of rice chemical scores. Journal of Cereal Science 8: 165-175.

Murdoch, A,J., E.H. Roberts and C.O. Goedert 1989 A model for germination responses to alternating temperatures. Annals of Botany 63: 97-111.

Murdock, L. and R.E. Shade 2002 Lectins and protease inhibitors as plant defenses against insects. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 6605-6611.

Nambara, E., M. Okamoto, K. Tatematsu, R. Yano, M. Seo and Y. Kamiya 2010 Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination. Seed Science Research 20: 55–67.

Natesh, S. and M.A. Rau 1984 The embryo. In B.M. Johri (ed.), 1984 Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 377-443.

Navarro, S. 2012 The use of modified and controlled atmospheres for the disinfestation of stored products. Journal of Pest Science 85: 301-322.

Nieves, N., Y. Zambrano, R. Tapia, M. Cid, D. Pina and R. Castillo 2003 Field performance of artificial seed derived sugarcane plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 75 : 279-282.

Nikolaeva, M.G. 1999 Patterns of seed dormancy and germination as related to plant phylogeny and ecological and geographical conditions of their habitats. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 46: 369–373.

Nonogaki, H. 2014 Seed dormancy and germination—emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses. Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 233. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00233

Nonogaki, H., G.W. Bassel and J.D. Bewley 2010 Germination—still a mystery. Plant Science 179:574–81

Ohlgart, S.M. 2002 The terminator gene: Intellectual property rights v. the farmers’ common law right to save seed. Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 7: 473-492.

Ohlrogge, J.B. and J.G. Jaworski 1997 Regulation of fatty acid synthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48: 109–136.

ohlrogge, j.b. and t.p. Kernan 1982 Oxygen-Dependent Aging of Seeds. Plant Physiology 70: 791-794.

Okamoto, K., T. Murai, G. Eguchi, M. Okamoto and T. Akazawa 1982 Enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds 11. Ultrastructural changes in scutellar epithelium. Plant Physiology 70: 905-911.

Oliveira, D.M.T. and E.A.S. Paiva 2005 Anatomy and ontogeny of Pterodon emarginatus (Fabaceae: Faboideae) seed. Brazilian Journal of Biology 65: 483-494.

Olsen, O.A. 2001 Endosperm development: Cellularization and cell fate specification. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52: 233–267.

Orozco-Segovia A., J. Márquez-Guzmán, M.E. Sánchez-Coronado, A. Gamboa De Buen, J.M. Baskin and C.C. Baskin 2007 Seed anatomy and water uptake in relation to seed dormancy in Opuntia tomentosa (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae). Annals of Botany 99: 581-92.

Osborne, T.B. 1924 Vegetable Proteins. 2nd ed. Longmans, Green, New York.

Ozudogru, E.A., E. Kaya and M. Lambardi 2013 In vitro propagation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by shoot tip culture. Methods in Molecular Biology 994: 77-87.

Parker, M.L. A.R. Kirby and V.J. Morris 2008 In situ imaging of pea starch in seeds. Food Biophysics 3: 66–76.

Pascoe, F. 1994 Using soil seed banks to bring plant communities into classroom. The American Biology Teacher 7: 429-432.

Payne, R.C. (ed.) 1993a Handbook of Variety Testing: Growth chamber - Greenhouse Testing Provedures. ISTA, Zuirch.

Payne, R.C. (ed.) 1993b Handbook of Variety Testing: Rapid Chemical Identification Techniques. ISTA, Zurich.

Peleg, Z., M. Reguera, E. Tumimbang, H. Walia and E. Blumwald 2011 Cytokinin‐mediated source/sink modifications improve drought tolerance and increase grain yield in rice under water‐stress.  Plant Biotech Journal 9: 747–758.

Pemberton, R.W. and D.W. Irving 1990 Elaiosomes on weed seeds and the potential for myrmecochory in naturalized plants. Weed Science 38: 615-619.

Philomena, P.A. and C.K. Shah 1985 Unusual germination and seedling development in two monocotyledonous dicotyledons. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science (Plant Science) 95: 221-225.

Pijl, van der L. 1982 Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants. Springer, Berlin.

Pill, W.G. 1994 Low water potential and presowing germination treatments to improve seed quality. In A.S. Basra (ed.), Seed quality: basic mechanisms and agricultural implications. Food Product Press, Binghanton, N.Y. pp. 319-359.

Probert, R.J. 2001 The role of temperature in germination ecophysiology. In M. Fenner, (ed.), Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. 2nd edition, CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 261-292.

Ramakrishna, P. and D. Amritphale 2005 The perisperm-endosperm envelope in Cucumis: Structure, proton diffusion and cell wall hydrolyzing activity. Annals of Botany 96: 769-778.

Rao, N.K., J. Hanson, M. E. Dulloo, K. Ghosh, D. Nowell and M. Larinde 2006 Manual of Seed Handling in Genebanks. Handbooks for Genebanks No. 8, Bioversity International, Rome.

Reeder, J.R. 1957 The embryo in grass systematics. American Journal of Botany 44: 756-768.

Reid, J.S.G. and J.D. Bewley 1979 A dual role for the endosperm and its galactomannan reserves in the germinative physiology of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and endospermic leguminous seed. Planta 147: 145-150.

Remund, K.M., D.A. Dixon, D.L. Wright and L.R. Holden 2001 Statistical considerations in seed purity testing for transgenic traits. Seed Science Research 11: 101–119.

Richardson, M.J. 1990 An annotated list of seedborne diseases. 4th edition. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland.

Roberts H.A. and J.E. Neilson 1981 Changes in the soil seed bank of four long-term crop/herbicide experiments. Journal of Applied Ecology 18: 661-668.

Roberts, E.H. (ed.) 1972 Viability of Seeds. Chapman and Hall, London.

Roberts, E.H. 1961 The viability of rice seed in relation to temperature, moisture content, and gaseous environment. Annals of Botany 25: 381-390.

Roberts, E.H. 1973a Predicting the storage life of seeds. Seed Science and Technology 1: 499–514.

Roberts, E.H. 1973b Oxidative processes and the control of seed germination. In W. Heydecker, (ed.) Seed Ecology. Butterworth, London. pp. 189–231.

Roberts, E.H. and F.H. Abdalla 1968 The influence of temperature, moisture, and oxygen on period of seed viability in barley, broad beans, and peas. Annals of Botany 32: 97-117.

Roberts, E.H. and R.H. Ellis 1989 Water and seed survival. Annals of Botany 63: 39-52.

Roberts, E.H., F.H. Abdalla and R.J. Owen 1967 Nuclear damage and the ageing of seeds, with a model for seed survival curves. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 21: 65-99.

Roberts, H.A. and F.G. Stokes 1965 Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops. V, Final observations on an experiment with different primary cultivations. Journal of Applied Ecology 2: 307-315.

Roberts, H.A. and P.A. Dawkins 1967 Effect of cultivation on the numbers of viable weed seeds in soil. Weed Research 7: 290-301.

Roberts, H.A. and P.M. Feast 1973 Changes in the numbers of viable weed seeds in soil under different regimes. Weed Research 13: 298-303.

Robichaud, C.S., Wong, J. and Sussex, I.M. 1979 Control of viviparous embryo mutants of maize by abscisic acid. Developmental Genetics 1: 325-330.

Rolston, M.P. 1978 Water impermeable seed dormancy. The Botanical Review 44: 365–396.

Rowse, H.R. 1996 Drum priming—A non-osmotic method of priming seeds. Seed Science and Technology 24: 281–294.

Rowse, H.R., J.M.T. Mckee and W.E. Finch-Savage 2001 Membrane priming - a method for small samples of high value seeds. Seed Science and Technology 29: 587-597.

Rugenstein, S.R. and N.R. Lersteny 1981 Stomata on seeds and fruits of Bauhinia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). American Journal of Botany 68: 873-876.

Sacks, E.J. and D.A. St Clair 1996 Cryogenic storage of tomato pollen: Effect on fecundity. Hortscience 31: 447-448.

Sallon, S., E. Solowey, Y. Cohen, R. Korchinsky, M. Egli, I. Woodhatch, O. Simchoni and M. Kislev 2008 Germination, genetics, and growth of an ancient date seed. Science 320: 1464.

Sánchez-Coronado, M.E., J. Márquez-Guzmán, J. Rosas-Moreno, G. Vidal-Gaona, M. Villegas, S. Espinosa-Matías, Y. Olvera-Carrillo and A. Orozco-Segovia 2011  Mycoflora in exhumed seeds of Opuntia tomentosa and its possible role in seed germination. Applied and Environmental Soil Science doi:10.1155/2011/107159

Schmid, R. 1986 On Cornerian and other terminology of angiospermous and gymnospermous seed coats: Historical perspective and terminological recommendations. Taxon 35: 476-491.

Schmitt, A., T. Amein, F. Tinivella, J.v.d. Wolf, S. Roberts, S. Groot, M.L. Gullino, S. Wright and E. Knch 2004 Control of seed-borne pathogens on vegetable by microbial and other alternative seed treatments. In E.T. Lammerts van Bueren, R. Ranganathan and N. Sorensen (eds.) Challenges and Opportunities for Organic Agriculture and the Seed Industry. Proceedings of First World Conference on Organic Seed, 2004, FAO, Rome. pp. 120-123.

Schroeder, M., J. Deli, E.D. Schall and -.F. Warren 1974 Seed composition of 66 weed and crop species. Weed Science 22: 345-348.

Schweizer, E.E. and R.J. Zimdahl 1984a Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after six years of continuous corn (Zea mays) and herbicides. Weed Science 32: 76-83.

Schweizer, E.E. and R.J. Zimdahl 1984b Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after rotation of crops and herbicides. Weed Science 32: 84-89.

Scopel, A.L., C.L. Ballare and S.R. Radosevich, 1994 Photostimulation of seed germination during soil tillage. New Phytologist 126: 145-152.

Seo, M, E. Nambara, G. Choi and S. Yamaguchi 2009 Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Plant Molecular Biology 69: 463-472.

Shen-Miller, J. 2002 Sacred lotus, the long-living fruits of China antique. Seed Science Research 12: 131–143.

Singh, B.K. 1982 Association between concentration of organic nutrients in the grain, endosperm cell number and grain dry weight within the ear of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 9: 83-95.

Singh, H. and B.M. Johri 1972 Development of gymnosperm seeds. In T.T. Kozlowski (ed.), Seed Biology. Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York. pp. 21-75.

Smith, H. 1975 Phytochrome and Photomorphogenesis: An Introduction to the Photocontrol of Plant Development. McGraw-Hill Inc., London.

Smith, R.D., J.B. Dickie, S.H. Linington, H.W. Pritchard and R.J. Probert (eds) 2003 Seed Conservation: Turning Science into Practice. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Sofield, I., L.T. Evans, M.G. Cook and I.F. Wardlaw 1977 Factors influencing the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 4: 785-797.

Sondheimer E, E.C. Galson, E. Tinelli and D.C. Walton 1974 The metabolism of hormones during seed germination and dormancy. Plant Physiology 54: 803–808.

Sparg, S.G., M.E. Light and J. van Staden 2004 Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94: 219–243.

Splittstoesser, W.E. 1990 Vegetable Growing Handbook: Organic and Traditional Methods. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Standifer, L.C. 1980 A technique for estimating weed seed populations in cultivated soil. Weed Science 28: 134-138.

Steiner, A.M. and M. Kruse 2006 History of seed testing: Centennial - The 1st international conference for seed testing 1906 in Hamburg, Germany. Seed Testing International (ISTA) No. 132: 19-21. http://www.ista-cologne2010.de/the-congress/history-of-seed-testing/

Stoffberg, E. 1991 Morphological and ontogenetic studies on southern African podocarps. Initiation of the seed scale complex and early development of integument, nucellus and epimatium. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 21-35.

Swain, S.M., J.B. Reid and Y. Kamiya 1997 Gibberellins are required for embryo growth and seed development in pea. Plant Journal 12: 1329 – 1338.

Takaki, M. 2001 New proposal of classification of seeds based on forms of phytochrome instead of photoblastism. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 13: 104-108.

Tateoka, T. 1964 Notes on some grasses. XVI. Embryo structure of the genus Oryza in relation to the systematics. American Journal of Botany 51: 539-543.

Taylorson, R.B. and S.B. Hendricks 1979 Overcoming dormancy in seeds with ethanol and other anesthetics. Planta 145: 507-510.

Taylorson, R.B., 1979 Response of weed seeds to ethylene and related hydrocarbons. Weed Science 27: 7-10.

Teekachunhatean, S., N. Hanprasertpong and T. Teekachunhatean 2013 Factors affecting isoflavone content in soybean seeds grown in Thailand. International Journal of Agronomy Article ID 163573, 11 pages.

Telewski, f.w. and j.a.d. zeevaart 2002 The 120-yr period for Dr. Beal’s seed viability experiment. American Journal of Botany 89: 1285–1288.

Thompson P.A. 1974 Effects of fluctuating temperatures on germination. Journal of Experimental Botany 25: 164–175.

Thompson, K. and J.P. Grime 1979 Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal of Ecology 67: 893-921.

Thompson, K., S.R. Band and J.G. Hodgson 1993 Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7: 236-241.

Thomson, J.R. 1979 An Introduction to Seed Technology. Leonard Hill, London.

Tillich, H.R. 2007 Seedling diversity and the homologies of seedling organs in the Order Poales (Monocotyledons). Annals of Botany 100: 1413–1429.

Toole, E.H. 1961 The effect of light and other variables on the control of seed germination. Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association 26: 659-673.

Totterdell, S. and E.H. Roberts 1979 Effects of low temperatures on the loss of innate dormancy and the development of induced dormancy in seeds of Rumex obtusifolius L. and Rumex crispus L. Plant, Cell and Environment 2: 131-137.

Tsuyuzaki, S. 1994 Rapid seed extraction from soils by a flotation method. Weed Research 34: 433-436.

Tunnacliffe, A., and M. J. Wise 2007 The continuing conundrum of the LEA proteins. Naturwissenschaften 94: 791–812.

Turcotte, E.L. and C.V. Feaster 1967 Semigamy in Pima cotton. Journal of Heredity 58: 54-57.

Turnbull, L.A., L. Santamaria, T. Martorell, J. Rallo and A. Hector 2006 Seed-size variability: from Carob to carats. Biology Letters 22: 397–400.

Tweddle, J.C., J.B. Dickie, C.C. Baskin and J.M. Baskin 2003 Ecological aspects of seed desiccation sensitivity. Journal of Ecology 91: 294-304.

Ulvinen, O., A. Voss, H.C. Baekgaard, and P.E. Terning 1973 Testing for Genuineness of Cultivars. ISTA, Zurich.

Upadhyaya, H.D. 2003 Geographical patterns of variation for morphological and agronomic characteristics in the chickpea germplasm collection. Euphytica 132: 343–352.

Valk, A.G. van der and R.L. Pederson, 1989 Seed banks and the management and restoration of natural vegetation. In M.A. Leck , V.T. Parker and R.L. Simpson (eds.), Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 329-346.

Varier, A., A.K. Vari and M. Dadlani 2010 The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Science 99: 450-456.

Vázquez-Ramos, J.M. and M. de la Paz Sánchez 2003 The cell cycle and seed germination. Seed Science Research 13, 113–130.

Vertucci, C.W. and E.E. Roos 1990 Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage. Plant Physiology 94: 1019-1023.

Vertucci, C.W. and E.E. Roos 1993 Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage II. The influence of temperature on optimal moisture levels. Seed Science Research 3: 201-213.

Vijayaraghavan, M.R. and K. Prabhakar 1984 The endosperm. In: B.M Johri (ed.), Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 319-76.

Villiers, T.A. 1973 Seed aging: chromosome stability and extended viability of seeds stored fully imbibed. Plant Physiology 53: 875–878.

Villiers, T.A. 1975 Genetic Maintenance of seeds in imbibed storage. In O.H. Frankel and J.G. Hawkws (eds.), Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 297-315.

Werker, E. 1997 Seed Anatomy. Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuttgart.

Wester, H.V. 1973 Further evidence on age of ancient viable lotus seeds from Pulantien deposit, Manchuria. HortScience 8: 371–377.

Wieser, H. 2007 Chemistry of gluten proteins. Food Microbiology 24: 115–119.

Willan, R.L. 1985 A Guide to Forest Seed Handling. FAO FORESTRY PAPER 20/2, Rome.

Xu, N. and J.D. Bewley 1992 Contrasting pattern of somatic and zygotic embryo development in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Plant Cell Reports 11: 279-284.

Yaklich, R.W. 2001 β-Conglycinin and glycinin in high-protein soybean seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 729–735.

Yam, T.W., E.C. Yeung, X.L. Ye, S.Y. Zee and J. Arditti 2002 Orchid embryos. In: T. Kull and J. Arditti (eds.), Orchid Biology: Reviews and Persectives. 8th ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 287–385.

Yang, J., J. Zhang, Z. Huang, Z. Wang, Q. Zhu and L. Liu 2002 Correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice. Annals of Botany 90: 369-377.

Zanakis, G.N., R.H. Ellis and R.J. Summerfield 1994 A comparison of changes in vigour among three genotypes of soyabean (Glycine max) during seed development and maturation in three temperature regimes. Experimental Agriculture 30: 157-170.