小麥原料一覽表 FAOSTAT CODE
| CODE |
COMMODITY |
DEFINITIONS, COVERAGE, REMARKS |
| 0015 |
WHEAT
Triticum spp.:
common (T. aestivum)
durum (T. durum)
spelt (T. spelta) |
Common and durum wheat are the main types. Among common
wheat, the main varieties are spring and winter, hard and soft, and red and white. At the
national level, different varieties should be reported separately, reflecting their
different uses. Used mainly for human food. |
| 0016 |
Flour of Wheat |
Defined broadly to include meal, groats and pellets. Strong
flours from hard wheat are used for bread, while durum wheat flour is used primarily for
pasta. Weaker flours from soft wheat are mainly used in cakes, pastries, biscuits and
certain noodles. |
| 0017 |
Bran of Wheat |
Defined broadly to include sharps and other residue from the
milling, sifting or other working of the grain. Contains a little flour. |
| 0018 |
Macaroni |
Pasta made from semolina, or flour, that is mixed with water
and kneaded into a dough. Other ingredients may be included as well. The dough is then
shaped into various forms. This heading is limited to macaroni that is not cooked, stuffed
or otherwise prepared. |
| 0019 |
Germ of Wheat |
The seed embryo. Whole or rolled germ is used for oil
extraction by solvents. Flaked or ground germ is used in bakers' wares, dietetic
preparations, feed supplements and in pharmaceutical preparations. |
| 0020 |
Bread |
A baked product of flour or meal of cereals, especially
wheat. Includes ordinary, unleavened, crackers, rusks, etc. |
| 0021 |
Bulgur |
Whole wheat grains that are boiled, dried and cracked, either
between stones or in a hand mill. Very popular in the Near East. |
| 0022 |
Pastry |
All baked products excluding those listed under bread. Pastry
products may contain ingredients other than wheat flour, such as milk, eggs, sugar, honey,
starch, fats, fruit, seeds, etc. |
| 0023 |
Starch of Wheat |
Starch is the carbohydrate component in many plant cells. A
white, odourless powder that is insoluble in cold water, it forms a paste in hot water.
Wheat starch is used for human consumption and animal feed, and is processed into glucose
and dextrine for industrial use. It is usually obtained from low-quality flour. |
| 0024 |
Wheat Gluten |
A by-product of the industrial production of starch, wheat
gluten is the preferred cereal gluten for food purposes. Uses include enriching protein in
flours for bread, pasta, etc. |
| 0026 |
Wheat-Fermented Beverages |
Low-alcohol beverages from fermented flour, e.g. Korean jakju
and takju. |
世界小麥生產
1999 |
收穫面積 ha |
產量 Mt |
Kg/ha |
World |
213,790,032 |
583,918,588 |
2731 |
China |
28,823,020 |
114,400,085 |
3969
|
India |
27,356,000 |
71,007,000 |
2596
|
USA |
21,881,000 |
62,812,000 |
2871
|
France |
5,127,000 |
37,050,000 |
7226
|
Russian
Federation |
22,985,000 |
31,000,000 |
1349
|
Canada |
10,303,000 |
25,923,000 |
2516
|
Australia |
11,636,000 |
21,269,000 |
1828
|
Germany |
2,609,444 |
19,684,000 |
7543
|
Turkey |
8,650,000 |
18,000,000 |
2081
|
Pakistan |
8,312,300 |
17,970,400 |
2162
|
United
Kingdom |
1,881,000 |
14,655,000 |
7791
|
Ukraine |
5,900,000 |
14,100,000 |
2390
|
Argentina |
5,500,000 |
13,000,000 |
2364
|
Kazakhstan |
7,770,000 |
11,250,000 |
1448
|
其他 |
45,056,268 |
111,768,103 |
2481 |
1994我國進口小麥原料
|
. |
durum wheat |
other wheat |
wheat flour |
wheat meal |
wheat starch |
wheat gluten |
總計 |
|
來源國 |
公噸 |
千元 |
公噸 |
千元 |
公斤 |
千元 |
公噸 |
千元 |
公噸 |
千元 |
公斤 |
千元 |
千元 |
|
USA |
763811 |
4552776 |
108496 |
498568 |
35330 |
429 |
1413 |
111 |
3 |
95 |
20012 |
849 |
5052828 |
|
Australia |
15540 |
101006 |
93770 |
596269 |
926000 |
6452 |
. |
. |
1 |
36 |
121600 |
4005 |
707768 |
|
Germany |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
244000 |
11446 |
11446 |
|
Singapore |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
664 |
4467 |
. |
. |
4467 |
|
Sweden |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
100000 |
3652 |
3652 |
|
Belgium |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
80000 |
3344 |
3344 |
|
France |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
79875 |
3165 |
3165 |
|
Japan |
. |
. |
. |
. |
472770 |
2376 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
200 |
64 |
2440 |
|
Canada |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1 |
42 |
39009 |
1619 |
1661 |
|
Czech
Rep. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
40000 |
1602 |
1602 |
|
Hong
Kong |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
77 |
887 |
. |
. |
887 |
|
Netherland |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
20000 |
686 |
686 |
|
Indonesia |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
29 |
517 |
. |
. |
517 |
|
Phillippines |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1 |
6 |
. |
. |
6 |
|
Denmark |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
0 |
2 |
. |
. |
2 |
|
總計 |
779351 |
4653782 |
202266 |
1094837 |
1434100 |
9257 |
1413 |
111 |
746 |
5527 |
744696 |
30432 |
5793946 |
我國小麥利用概況 from FAS, USDA: 2000/04/28
In 1999, 92 percent came from the US. All wheat was ground into
flour, except 1,000 mt that was used for beer and grain-based spirits, and
15,000 mt that was used for soy sauce.
(Note: Wheat consumption for grain-based spirits is usually
3,000 mt a year. Last year it fell to below 1,000 mt because the September 21,
1999 earthquake damaged the Shaohsing Wine factory, Taiwan’s largest wine
manufacturer, which was located at the earthquake's epicenter.)
No wheat is used directly for animal feed. Some off-grade wheat
flour, referred to as clear flour, is used for fish feed.
1999 wheat flour production at 738,000 mt, equivalent to 985,000
mt of wheat. (Note: the flour extraction rate used in this report is 0.75.)
Another 16,000 mt of wheat was used in alcohol and soy sauce, which yields a
total wheat consumption estimate of 1,001,000 mt.
Wheat consumption in 2000 and 2001 is forecast at 1,008,000 mt
and 1,015,000 mt, respectively.
Taiwan mills use approximately 50 percent US Dark Northern
Spring (DNS), 35 percent to 40 percent US Hard Red Winter (HRW), 15 percent to
10 percent US Western White/Soft White (WW), and small amounts of Australian
Prime Hard Wheat (APH) and/or Canadian Western Red Spring Wheat.
Wheat flour is used almost exclusively for the manufacture of
food. However, about 6 percent of the 738,000 mt of locally milled flour is used
to make wheat starch and wheat gluten products for use in industrial products.
In addition, small amounts of clear flour are used in fish feed formulations and
in non-food products such as adhesives.
Most wheat is ground to make flour for use in bakery goods and
instant noodles. The baked goods sector on Taiwan is innovative in sustaining
consumers’ interest in its products.
Since 1998 it has engineered three successive crazes; first for
Portuguese egg tarts, which led to widespread egg shortages; then for Japanese
style dome-shaped breads; and finally, this year, for bagels and muffins. Bagels
are now available in most of Taiwan’s 2,000 plus 7-eleven stores, and muffins
can be found in most supermarkets and bakeries. Instant noodle manufacturers are
also looking for ways to increase sales. They are developing new flavors and new
bite characteristics to entice increased consumption.
In early 1999 noodle manufacturers came out with two
new-to-market wheat noodle products, a frozen instant noodle product and a
Japanese-style instant noodle product called wagamma. The increased popularity
of Japanese instant noodle products has led to the appearance, this year, of
numerous Japanese-style fresh noodle restaurants.
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